Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
Furman University
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.1
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:49:48
- Modified on 2021-12-06 19:38:32
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἔννοιά ποθ᾽ ἡμῖν ἐγένετο ὅσαι δημοκρατίαι κατελύθησαν ὑπὸ τῶν ἄλλως πως βουλομένων πολιτεύεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ , ὅσαι τ᾽ αὖ μοναρχίαι , ὅσαι τε ὀλιγαρχίαι ἀνῄρηνται ἤδη ὑπὸ δήμων , καὶ ὅσοι τυραννεῖν ἐπιχειρήσαντες οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν καὶ ταχὺ πάμπαν κατελύθησαν , οἱ δὲ κἂν ὁποσονοῦν χρόνον ἄρχοντες διαγένωνται , θαυμάζονται ὡς σοφοί τε καὶ εὐτυχεῖς ἄνδρες γεγενημένοι . πολλοὺς δ᾽ ἐδοκοῦμεν καταμεμαθηκέναι καὶ ἐν ἰδίοις οἴκοις τοὺς μὲν ἔχοντας καὶ πλείονας οἰκέτας , τοὺς δὲ καὶ πάνυ ὀλίγους , καὶ ὅμως οὐδὲ τοῖς ὀλίγοις τούτοις πάνυ τι δυναμένους χρῆσθαι πειθομένοις τοὺς δεσπότας .
The
thought
once
occurred
to
us
how
many
republics
have
been
overthrown
by
people
who
preferred
to
live
under
any
form
of
government
other
than
a
republican
,
and
again
,
how
many
monarchies
and
how
many
oligarchies
in
times
past
have
been
abolished
by
the
people
.
We
reflected
,
moreover
,
how
many
of
those
individuals
who
have
aspired
to
absolute
power
have
either
been
deposed
once
for
all
and
that
right
quickly
;
or
if
they
have
continued
in
power
,
no
matter
for
how
short
a
time
,
they
are
objects
of
wonder
as
having
proved
to
be
wise
and
happy
men
.
Then
,
too
,
we
had
observed
,
we
thought
,
that
even
in
private
homes
some
people
who
had
rather
more
than
the
usual
number
of
servants
and
some
also
who
had
only
a
very
few
were
nevertheless
,
though
nominally
masters
,
quite
unable
to
assert
their
authority
over
even
those
few
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.2
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:50:11
- Modified on 2021-12-21 10:21:46
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις ἐνενοοῦμεν ὅτι ἄρχοντες μέν εἰσι καὶ οἱ βουκόλοι τῶν βοῶν καὶ οἱ ἱπποφορβοὶ τῶν ἵππων , καὶ πάντες δὲ οἱ καλούμενοι νομεῖς ὧν ἂν ἐπιστατῶσι ζῴων εἰκότως ἂν ἄρχοντες τούτων νομίζοιντο : πάσας τοίνυν ταύτας τὰς ἀγέλας ἐδοκοῦμεν ὁρᾶν μᾶλλον ἐθελούσας πείθεσθαι τοῖς νομεῦσιν ἢ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοῖς ἄρχουσι . πορεύονταί τε γὰρ αἱ ἀγέλαι ᾗ ἂν αὐτὰς εὐθύνωσιν οἱ νομεῖς , νέμονταί τε χωρία ἐφ᾽ ὁποῖα ἂν αὐτὰς ἐπάγωσιν , ἀπέχονταί τε ὧν ἂν αὐτὰς ἀπείργωσι : καὶ τοῖς καρποῖς τοίνυν τοῖς γιγνομένοις ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐῶσι τοὺς νομέας χρῆσθαι οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται . ἔτι τοίνυν οὐδεμίαν πώποτε ἀγέλην ᾐσθήμεθα συστᾶσαν ἐπὶ τὸν νομέα οὔτε ὡς μὴ πείθεσθαι οὔτε ὡς μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν τῷ καρπῷ χρῆσθαι , ἀλλὰ καὶ χαλεπώτεραί εἰσιν αἱ ἀγέλαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις ἢ τοῖς ἄρχουσί τε καὶ ὠφελουμένοις ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν : ἄνθρωποι δὲ ἐπ᾽ οὐδένας μᾶλλον συνίστανται ἢ ἐπὶ τούτους οὓς ἂν αἴσθωνται ἄρχειν αὑτῶν ἐπιχειροῦντας .
And
in
addition
to
this
,
we
reflected
that
cowherds
are
the
rulers
of
their
cattle
,
that
grooms
are
the
rulers
of
their
horses
,
and
that
all
who
are
called
herdsmen
might
properly
be
regarded
as
the
rulers
of
the
animals
over
which
they
are
placed
in
charge
.
Now
we
noticed
,
as
we
thought
,
that
all
these
herds
obeyed
their
keepers
more
readily
than
men
obey
their
rulers
.
For
the
herds
go
wherever
their
keeper
directs
them
and
graze
in
those
places
to
which
he
leads
them
and
keep
out
of
those
from
which
he
excludes
them
.
They
allow
their
keeper
,
moreover
,
to
enjoy
,
just
as
he
will
,
the
profits
that
accrue
from
them
.
And
then
again
,
we
have
never
known
of
a
herd
conspiring
against
its
keeper
,
either
to
refuse
obedience
to
him
or
to
deny
him
the
privilege
of
enjoying
the
profits
that
accrue
.
At
the
same
time
,
herds
are
more
intractable
to
strangers
than
to
their
rulers
and
those
who
derive
profit
from
them
.
Men
,
however
,
conspire
against
none
sooner
than
against
those
whom
they
see
attempting
to
rule
over
them
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.3
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:50:31
- Modified on 2021-12-07 00:47:31
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ὅτε μὲν δὴ ταῦτα ἐνεθυμούμεθα , οὕτως ἐγιγνώσκομεν περὶ αὐτῶν , ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ πεφυκότι πάντων τῶν ἄλλων ῥᾷον εἴη ζῴων ἢ ἀνθρώπων ἄρχειν . ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐνενοήσαμεν ὅτι Κῦρος ἐγένετο Πέρσης , ὃς παμπόλλους μὲν ἀνθρώπους ἐκτήσατο πειθομένους αὑτῷ , παμπόλλας δὲ πόλεις , πάμπολλα δὲ ἔθνη , ἐκ τούτου δὴ ἠναγκαζόμεθα μετανοεῖν μὴ οὔτε τῶν ἀδυνάτων οὔτε τῶν χαλεπῶν ἔργων ᾖ τὸ ἀνθρώπων ἄρχειν , ἤν τις ἐπισταμένως τοῦτο πράττῃ . Κύρῳ γοῦν ἴσμεν ἐθελήσαντας πείθεσθαι τοὺς μὲν ἀπέχοντας παμπόλλων ἡμερῶν ὁδόν , τοὺς δὲ καὶ μηνῶν , τοὺς δὲ οὐδ᾽ ἑωρακότας πώποτ᾽ αὐτόν , τοὺς δὲ καὶ εὖ εἰδότας ὅτι οὐδ᾽ ἂν ἴδοιεν , καὶ ὅμως ἤθελον αὐτῷ ὑπακούειν .
Thus
,
as
we
meditated
on
this
analogy
,
we
were
inclined
to
conclude
that
for
man
,
as
he
is
constituted
,
it
is
easier
to
rule
over
any
and
all
other
creatures
than
to
rule
over
men
.
But
when
we
reflected
that
there
was
one
Cyrus
,
the
Persian
,
who
reduced
to
obedience
a
vast
number
of
men
and
cities
and
nations
,
we
were
then
compelled
to
change
our
opinion
and
decide
that
to
rule
men
might
be
a
task
neither
impossible
nor
even
difficult
,
if
one
should
only
go
about
it
in
an
intelligent
manner
.
At
all
events
,
we
know
that
people
obeyed
Cyrus
willingly
,
although
some
of
them
were
distant
from
him
a
journey
of
many
days
,
and
others
of
many
months
;
others
,
although
they
had
never
seen
him
,
and
still
others
who
knew
well
that
they
never
should
see
him
.
Nevertheless
they
were
all
willing
to
be
his
subjects
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.4
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:50:51
- Modified on 2021-12-21 12:36:11
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
καὶ γάρ τοι τοσοῦτον διήνεγκε τῶν ἄλλων βασιλέων , καὶ τῶν πατρίους ἀρχὰς παρειληφότων καὶ τῶν δι᾽ ἑαυτῶν κτησαμένων , ὥσθ᾽ ὁ μὲν Σκύθης καίπερ παμπόλλων ὄντων Σκυθῶν ἄλλου μὲν οὐδενὸς δύναιτ᾽ ἂν ἔθνους ἐπάρξαι , ἀγαπῴη δ᾽ ἂν εἰ τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ ἔθνους ἄρχων διαγένοιτο , καὶ ὁ Θρᾷξ Θρᾳκῶν καὶ ὁ Ἰλλυριὸς Ἰλλυριῶν , καὶ τἆλλα δὲ ὡσαύτως ἔθνη ἀκούομεν τὰ γοῦν ἐν τῇ Εὐρώπῃ ἔτι καὶ νῦν αὐτόνομα εἶναι λέγεται καὶ λελύσθαι ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων : Κῦρος δὲ παραλαβὼν ὡσαύτως οὕτω καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ ἔθνη αὐτόνομα ὄντα ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν ὀλίγῃ Περσῶν στρατιᾷ ἑκόντων μὲν ἡγήσατο Μήδων , ἑκόντων δὲ Ὑρκανίων , κατεστρέψατο δὲ Σύρους , Ἀσσυρίους , Ἀραβίους , Καππαδόκας , Φρύγας ἀμφοτέρους , Λυδούς , Κᾶρας , Φοίνικας , Βαβυλωνίους , ἦρξε δὲ Βακτρίων καὶ Ἰνδῶν καὶ Κιλίκων , ὡσαύτως δὲ Σακῶν καὶ Παφλαγόνων καὶ Μαγαδιδῶν , καὶ ἄλλων δὲ παμπόλλων ἐθνῶν , ὧν οὐδ᾽ ἂν τὰ ὀνόματα ἔχοι τις εἰπεῖν , ἐπῆρξε δὲ καὶ Ἑλλήνων τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ , καταβὰς δ᾽ ἐπὶ θάλατταν καὶ Κυπρίων καὶ Αἰγυπτίων .
But
all
this
is
not
so
surprising
after
all
,
so
very
different
was
he
from
all
other
kings
,
both
those
who
have
inherited
their
thrones
from
their
fathers
and
those
who
have
gained
their
crowns
by
their
own
efforts
;
the
Scythian
king
,
for
instance
,
would
never
be
able
to
extend
his
rule
over
any
other
nation
besides
his
own
,
although
the
Scythians
are
very
numerous
,
but
he
would
be
well
content
if
he
could
maintain
himself
in
power
over
his
own
people
;
so
the
Thracian
king
with
his
Thracians
,
the
Illyrian
with
his
Illyrians
,
and
so
also
all
other
nations
,
we
are
told
.
Those
in
Europe
,
at
any
rate
,
are
said
to
be
free
and
independent
of
one
another
even
to
this
day
.
But
Cyrus
,
finding
the
nations
in
Asia
also
independent
in
exactly
the
same
way
,
started
out
with
a
little
band
of
Persians
and
became
the
leader
of
the
Medes
by
their
full
consent
and
of
the
Hyrcanians
by
theirs
;
he
then
conquered
Syria
,
Assyria
,
Arabia
,
Cappadocia
,
both
Phrygias
,
Lydia
,
Caria
,
Phoenicia
,
and
Babylonia
;
he
ruled
also
over
Bactria
,
India
,
and
Cilicia
;
and
he
was
likewise
king
of
the
Sacians
,
Paphlagonians
,
Magadidae
,
and
very
many
other
nations
,
of
which
one
could
not
even
tell
the
names
;
he
brought
under
his
sway
the
Asiatic
Greeks
also
;
and
,
descending
to
the
sea
,
he
added
both
Cyprus
and
Egypt
to
his
empire
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.5
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:52:23
- Modified on 2021-12-21 12:37:01
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
καὶ τοίνυν τούτων τῶν ἐθνῶν ἦρξεν οὔτε αὐτῷ ὁμογλώττων ὄντων οὔτε ἀλλήλοις , καὶ ὅμως ἐδυνάσθη ἐφικέσθαι μὲν ἐπὶ τοσαύτην γῆν τῷ ἀφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ φόβῳ , ὥστε καταπλῆξαι πάντας καὶ μηδένα ἐπιχειρεῖν αὐτῷ , ἐδυνάσθη δὲ ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμβαλεῖν τοσαύτην τοῦ πάντας αὐτῷ χαρίζεσθαι ὥστε ἀεὶ τῇ αὐτοῦ γνώμῃ ἀξιοῦν κυβερνᾶσθαι , ἀνηρτήσατο δὲ τοσαῦτα φῦλα ὅσα καὶ διελθεῖν ἔργον ἐστίν , ὅποι ἂν ἄρξηταί τις πορεύεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν βασιλείων , ἤν τε πρὸς ἕω ἤν τε πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἤν τε πρὸς ἄρκτον ἤν τε πρὸς μεσημβρίαν .
He
ruled
over
these
nations
,
even
though
they
did
not
speak
the
same
language
as
he
,
nor
one
nation
the
same
as
another
;
for
all
that
,
he
was
able
to
cover
so
vast
a
region
with
the
fear
which
he
inspired
,
that
he
struck
all
men
with
terror
and
no
one
tried
to
withstand
him
;
and
he
was
able
to
awaken
in
all
so
lively
a
desire
to
please
him
,
that
they
always
wished
to
be
guided
by
his
will
.
Moreover
,
the
tribes
that
he
brought
into
subjection
to
himself
were
so
many
that
it
is
a
difficult
matter
even
to
travel
to
them
all
,
in
whatever
direction
one
begin
one
'
s
journey
from
the
palace
,
whether
toward
the
east
or
the
west
,
toward
the
north
or
the
south
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.1.6
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:52:53
- Modified on 2021-12-07 00:55:59
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἡμεῖς μὲν δὴ ὡς ἄξιον ὄντα θαυμάζεσθαι τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα ἐσκεψάμεθα τίς ποτ᾽ ὢν γενεὰν καὶ ποίαν τινὰ φύσιν ἔχων καὶ ποίᾳ τινὶ παιδευθεὶς παιδείᾳ τοσοῦτον διήνεγκεν εἰς τὸ ἄρχειν ἀνθρώπων . ὅσα οὖν καὶ ἐπυθόμεθα καὶ ᾐσθῆσθαι δοκοῦμεν περὶ αὐτοῦ , ταῦτα πειρασόμεθα διηγήσασθαι .
Believing
this
man
to
be
deserving
of
all
admiration
,
we
have
therefore
investigated
who
he
was
in
his
origin
,
what
natural
endowments
he
possessed
,
and
what
sort
of
education
he
had
enjoyed
,
that
he
so
greatly
excelled
in
governing
men
.
Accordingly
,
what
we
have
found
out
or
think
we
know
concerning
him
we
shall
now
endeavour
to
present
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.2.1
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:53:13
- Modified on 2021-12-07 00:57:44
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
πατρὸς μὲν δὴ ὁ Κῦρος λέγεται γενέσθαι Καμβύσου Περσῶν βασιλέως : ὁ δὲ Καμβύσης οὗτος τοῦ Περσειδῶν γένους ἦν : οἱ δὲ Περσεῖδαι ἀπὸ Περσέως κλῄζονται : μητρὸς δὲ ὁμολογεῖται Μανδάνης γενέσθαι : ἡ δὲ Μανδάνη αὕτη Ἀστυάγους ἦν θυγάτηρ τοῦ Μήδων γενομένου βασιλέως . φῦναι δὲ ὁ Κῦρος λέγεται καὶ ᾁδεται ἔτι καὶ νῦν ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων εἶδος μὲν κάλλιστος , ψυχὴν δὲ φιλανθρωπότατος καὶ φιλομαθέστατος καὶ φιλοτιμότατος , ὥστε πάντα μὲν πόνον ἀνατλῆναι , πάντα δὲ κίνδυνον ὑπομεῖναι τοῦ ἐπαινεῖσθαι ἕνεκα .
The
father
of
Cyrus
is
said
to
have
been
Cambyses
,
king
of
the
Persians
:
this
Cambyses
belonged
to
the
stock
of
the
Persidae
,
and
the
Persidae
derive
their
name
from
Perseus
.
His
mother
,
it
is
generally
agreed
,
was
Mandane
;
and
this
Mandane
was
the
daughter
of
Astyages
,
sometime
king
of
the
Medes
.
And
even
to
this
day
the
barbarians
tell
in
story
and
in
song
that
Cyrus
was
most
handsome
in
person
,
most
generous
of
heart
,
most
devoted
to
learning
,
and
most
ambitious
,
so
that
he
endured
all
sorts
of
labour
and
faced
all
sorts
of
danger
for
the
sake
of
praise
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.2.2
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:53:34
- Modified on 2021-12-07 01:01:28
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
φύσιν μὲν δὴ τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς τοιαύτην ἔχων διαμνημονεύεται : ἐπαιδεύθη γε μὴν ἐν Περσῶν νόμοις : οὗτοι δὲ δοκοῦσιν οἱ νόμοι ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ κοινοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἐπιμελούμενοι οὐκ ἔνθενπερ ἐν ταῖς πλείσταις πόλεσιν ἄρχονται . αἱ μὲν γὰρ πλεῖσται πόλεις ἀφεῖσαι παιδεύειν ὅπως τις ἐθέλει τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ παῖδας , καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ὅπως ἐθέλουσι διάγειν , ἔπειτα προστάττουσιν αὐτοῖς μὴ κλέπτειν μηδὲ ἁρπάζειν , μὴ βίᾳ εἰς οἰκίαν παριέναι , μὴ παίειν ὃν μὴ δίκαιον , μὴ μοιχεύειν , μὴ ἀπειθεῖν ἄρχοντι , καὶ τἆλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα ὡσαύτως : ἢν δέ τις τούτων τι παραβαίνῃ , ζημίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπέθεσαν .
Such
then
were
the
natural
endowments
,
physical
and
spiritual
,
that
he
is
reputed
to
have
had
;
but
he
was
educated
in
conformity
with
the
laws
of
the
Persians
;
and
these
laws
appear
in
their
care
for
the
common
weal
not
to
start
from
the
same
point
as
they
do
in
most
states
.
For
most
states
permit
every
one
to
train
his
own
children
just
as
he
will
,
and
the
older
people
themselves
to
live
as
they
please
;
and
then
they
command
them
not
to
steal
and
not
to
rob
,
not
to
break
into
anybody
'
s
house
,
not
to
strike
a
person
whom
they
have
no
right
to
strike
,
not
to
commit
adultery
,
not
to
disobey
an
officer
,
and
so
forth
;
and
if
a
man
transgress
anyone
one
of
these
laws
,
they
punish
him
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.2.3
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:53:55
- Modified on 2021-12-07 01:03:48
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
οἱ δὲ Περσικοὶ νόμοι προλαβόντες ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως τὴν ἀρχὴν μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται οἷοι πονηροῦ τινος ἢ αἰσχροῦ ἔργου ἐφίεσθαι . ἐπιμέλονται δὲ ὧδε . ἔστιν αὐτοῖς ἐλευθέρα ἀγορὰ καλουμένη , ἔνθα τά τε βασίλεια καὶ τἆλλα ἀρχεῖα πεποίηται . ἐντεῦθεν τὰ μὲν ὤνια καὶ οἱ ἀγοραῖοι καὶ αἱ τούτων φωναὶ καὶ ἀπειροκαλίαι ἀπελήλανται εἰς ἄλλον τόπον , ὡς μὴ μιγνύηται ἡ τούτων τύρβη τῇ τῶν πεπαιδευμένων εὐκοσμίᾳ .
The
Persian
laws
,
however
,
begin
at
the
beginning
and
take
care
that
from
the
first
their
citizens
shall
not
be
of
such
a
character
as
ever
to
desire
anything
improper
or
immoral
;
and
the
measures
they
take
are
as
follows
.
They
have
their
so-called
"
Free
Square
,
"
where
the
royal
palace
and
other
government
buildings
are
located
.
The
hucksters
with
their
wares
,
their
cries
,
and
their
vulgarities
are
excluded
from
this
and
relegated
to
another
part
of
the
city
,
in
order
that
their
tumult
may
not
intrude
upon
the
orderly
life
of
the
cultured
.
Xen. Cyrop. 1.2.5
Chiara Palladino / LREC-Cyropedia
- Created on 2021-11-09 18:54:33
- Modified on 2021-12-07 01:13:48
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἄρχοντες δ᾽ ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστῳ τούτων τῶν μερῶν εἰσι δώδεκα : δώδεκα γὰρ καὶ Περσῶν φυλαὶ διῄρηνται . καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τοῖς παισὶν ἐκ τῶν γεραιτέρων ᾑρημένοι εἰσὶν οἳ ἂν δοκῶσι τοὺς παῖδας βελτίστους ἀποδεικνύναι : ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς ἐφήβοις ἐκ τῶν τελείων ἀνδρῶν οἳ ἂν αὖ τοὺς ἐφήβους βελτίστους δοκῶσι παρέχειν : ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς τελείοις ἀνδράσιν οἳ ἂν δοκῶσι παρέχειν αὐτοὺς μάλιστα τὰ τεταγμένα ποιοῦντας καὶ τὰ παραγγελλόμενα ὑπὸ τῆς μεγίστης ἀρχῆς : εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν γεραιτέρων προστάται ᾑρημένοι , οἳ προστατεύουσιν ὅπως καὶ οὗτοι τὰ καθήκοντα ἀποτελῶσιν . ἃ δὲ ἑκάστῃ ἡλικίᾳ προστέτακται ποιεῖν διηγησόμεθα , ὡς μᾶλλον δῆλον γένηται ᾗ ἐπιμέλονται ὡς ἂν βέλτιστοι εἶεν οἱ πολῖται .
Over
each
of
these
divisions
there
are
twelve
officers
,
for
the
Persians
are
divided
into
twelve
tribes
.
To
have
charge
of
the
boys
,
such
are
chosen
from
the
ranks
of
the
elders
as
seem
likely
to
make
out
of
the
boys
the
best
men
;
to
have
charge
of
the
youths
,
such
are
chosen
from
the
ranks
of
the
mature
men
as
seem
most
likely
on
their
part
to
develop
the
youths
best
;
to
preside
over
the
mature
men
,
those
are
selected
who
seem
most
likely
to
fit
them
best
to
execute
the
orders
and
requirements
of
the
highest
authorities
;
and
of
the
elders
also
chiefs
are
selected
who
act
as
overseers
to
see
that
those
of
this
class
also
do
their
duty
.
And
what
duties
are
assigned
to
each
age
to
perform
we
shall
now
set
forth
,
that
it
may
be
better
understood
what
pains
the
Persians
take
that
their
citizens
may
prove
to
be
the
very
best
.