Chiara Palladino
Furman University
Homer, Iliad, 21.1-53
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Agathemerus - print editions
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Müller, Greek vs Latin
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Agathemerus - Holstenius translation and text
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Pliny, Naturalis Historia
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Catullus
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Sallust, Bellum Catilinae
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Tacitus, Germania 1.1
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2019-02-26 16:56:14
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
English
Latin
Deutsch
Germany is separated from the Galli , the Rhæti , and Pannonii , by the rivers Rhine and Danube ;
Germania omnis a Gallis Raetisque et Pannoniis Rheno et Danuvio fluminibus ,
Germania omnis a Gallis Raetisque et Pannoniis Rheno et Danuvio fluminibus ,
Apuleius, Metamorphoses 10.18.01
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2021-11-03 14:54:02
- Translated by A.S. Kline (left) vs. R. Graves (right)
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
English
Latin
English
Now , before I go further , I must tell you at least as I should have done at the start who my owner was , and where it was he hailed from .
Sed prius est ut vobis , quod initio facere debueram , vel nunc saltem referam , quis iste vel unde fuerit .
But first I will tell you ( which I should have done before ) who my master was , and of what country .
Euripides, Bacchae 434-450
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2023-02-03 20:07:53
- Modified on 2023-02-03 20:21:34
- Translated by Ian Johnston
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
Θεράπων
Πενθεῦ , πάρεσμεν τήνδʼ ἄγραν ἠγρευκότες
ἐφʼ ἣν ἔπεμψας , οὐδʼ ἄκρανθʼ ὡρμήσαμεν .
ὁ θὴρ δʼ ὅδʼ ἡμῖν πρᾶος οὐδʼ ὑπέσπασεν
φυγῇ πόδʼ , ἀλλʼ ἔδωκεν οὐκ ἄκων χέρας
οὐδʼ ὠχρός , οὐδʼ ἤλλαξεν οἰνωπὸν γένυν ,
γελῶν δὲ καὶ δεῖν κἀπάγειν ἐφίετο
ἔμενέ τε , τοὐμὸν εὐτρεπὲς ποιούμενος .
κἀγὼ διʼ αἰδοῦς εἶπον · Ὦ ξένʼ , οὐχ ἑκὼν
ἄγω σε , Πενθέως δʼ ὅς μʼ ἔπεμψʼ ἐπιστολαῖς .
ἃς δʼ αὖ σὺ βάκχας εἷρξας , ἃς συνήρπασας
κἄδησας ἐν δεσμοῖσι πανδήμου στέγης ,
φροῦδαί γʼ ἐκεῖναι λελυμέναι πρὸς ὀργάδας
σκιρτῶσι Βρόμιον ἀνακαλούμεναι θεόν ·
αὐτόματα δʼ αὐταῖς δεσμὰ διελύθη ποδῶν
κλῇδές τʼ ἀνῆκαν θύρετρʼ ἄνευ θνητῆς χερός .
πολλῶν δʼ ὅδʼ ἁνὴρ θαυμάτων ἥκει πλέως
ἐς τάσδε Θήβας . σοὶ δὲ τἄλλα χρὴ μέλειν .
Πενθεῦ , πάρεσμεν τήνδʼ ἄγραν ἠγρευκότες
ἐφʼ ἣν ἔπεμψας , οὐδʼ ἄκρανθʼ ὡρμήσαμεν .
ὁ θὴρ δʼ ὅδʼ ἡμῖν πρᾶος οὐδʼ ὑπέσπασεν
φυγῇ πόδʼ , ἀλλʼ ἔδωκεν οὐκ ἄκων χέρας
οὐδʼ ὠχρός , οὐδʼ ἤλλαξεν οἰνωπὸν γένυν ,
γελῶν δὲ καὶ δεῖν κἀπάγειν ἐφίετο
ἔμενέ τε , τοὐμὸν εὐτρεπὲς ποιούμενος .
κἀγὼ διʼ αἰδοῦς εἶπον · Ὦ ξένʼ , οὐχ ἑκὼν
ἄγω σε , Πενθέως δʼ ὅς μʼ ἔπεμψʼ ἐπιστολαῖς .
ἃς δʼ αὖ σὺ βάκχας εἷρξας , ἃς συνήρπασας
κἄδησας ἐν δεσμοῖσι πανδήμου στέγης ,
φροῦδαί γʼ ἐκεῖναι λελυμέναι πρὸς ὀργάδας
σκιρτῶσι Βρόμιον ἀνακαλούμεναι θεόν ·
αὐτόματα δʼ αὐταῖς δεσμὰ διελύθη ποδῶν
κλῇδές τʼ ἀνῆκαν θύρετρʼ ἄνευ θνητῆς χερός .
πολλῶν δʼ ὅδʼ ἁνὴρ θαυμάτων ἥκει πλέως
ἐς τάσδε Θήβας . σοὶ δὲ τἄλλα χρὴ μέλειν .
SOLDIER
Pentheus , we’re here because we’ve caught the prey
you sent us out to catch . Yes , our attempts
have proved successful . The beast you see here
was tame with us . He didn’t try to run .
No , he surrendered willingly enough ,
without turning pale or changing colour
on those wine dark cheeks . He even laughed at us ,
inviting us to tie him up and lead him off .
He stood still , making it easier for me
to take him in . It was awkward , so I said ,
" Stranger , I don’t want to lead you off ,
but I’m under orders here from Pentheus ,
who sent me . " And there’s something else —
those Bacchic women you locked up , the ones
you took in chains into the public prison —
they’ve all escaped . They’re gone — playing around
in some meadow , calling out to Bromius ,
summoning their god . Chains fell off their feet ,
just dropping on their own . Keys opened doors
not turned by human hands . This man here
has come to Thebes full of amazing tricks .
But now the rest of this affair is up to you .
Pentheus , we’re here because we’ve caught the prey
you sent us out to catch . Yes , our attempts
have proved successful . The beast you see here
was tame with us . He didn’t try to run .
No , he surrendered willingly enough ,
without turning pale or changing colour
on those wine dark cheeks . He even laughed at us ,
inviting us to tie him up and lead him off .
He stood still , making it easier for me
to take him in . It was awkward , so I said ,
" Stranger , I don’t want to lead you off ,
but I’m under orders here from Pentheus ,
who sent me . " And there’s something else —
those Bacchic women you locked up , the ones
you took in chains into the public prison —
they’ve all escaped . They’re gone — playing around
in some meadow , calling out to Bromius ,
summoning their god . Chains fell off their feet ,
just dropping on their own . Keys opened doors
not turned by human hands . This man here
has come to Thebes full of amazing tricks .
But now the rest of this affair is up to you .
My Iliad Translation
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2023-10-13 14:23:28
- Modified on 2023-10-13 14:29:05
- Translated by G. Murray
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
Apuleius, 4.28.1
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2023-10-27 17:54:11
- Modified on 2023-11-08 17:19:01
- Translated by A.S. Kline
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
This is my translation alignment for class.
Latin
English
Erant in quadam civitate rex et regina : hi tres numero filias forma conspicuas habuere , sed maiores quidem natu , quamvis gratissima specie , idonee tamen celebrari posse laudibus humanis credebantur , at vero puellae iunioris tam praecipua , tam praeclara pulchritudo nec exprimi ac ne sufficienter quidem laudari sermonis humani penuria poterat .
In
a
certain
city
there
lived
a
king
and
queen
,
who
had
three
daughters
of
surpassing
beauty
.
Though
the
elder
two
were
extremely
pleasing
,
still
it
was
thought
they
were
only
worthy
of
mortal
praise
;
but
the
youngest
girl’s
looks
were
so
delightful
,
so
dazzling
,
no
human
speech
in
its
poverty
could
celebrate
them
,
or
even
rise
to
adequate
description
.
Iliad alignment
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2023-11-16 16:08:11
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
οὐλομένην , ἣ μυρίʼ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκε ,
πολλὰς δʼ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
ἡρώων , αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι , Διὸς δʼ ἐτελείετο βουλή ,
ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς .
οὐλομένην , ἣ μυρίʼ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγεʼ ἔθηκε ,
πολλὰς δʼ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν
ἡρώων , αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν
οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι , Διὸς δʼ ἐτελείετο βουλή ,
ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς .
The
wrath
sing
,
goddess
,
of
Peleus
'
son
,
Achilles
,
that
destructive
wrath
which
brought
countless
woes
upon
the
Achaeans
,
and
sent
forth
to
Hades
many
valiant
souls
of
heroes
,
and
made
them
themselves
spoil
for
dogs
and
every
bird
;
thus
the
plan
of
Zeus
came
to
fulfillment
,
from the time when first they parted in strife Atreus ' son , king of men , and brilliant Achilles .
from the time when first they parted in strife Atreus ' son , king of men , and brilliant Achilles .
Chapman 9.378-397 - with revisions
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2024-06-29 09:06:37
- Modified on 2024-06-29 09:39:27
- Translated by Chapman
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Provisional alignment of Chapman, with some revisions still to be added.
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ τάχʼ ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάινος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν
ἅψεσθαι , χλωρός περ ἐών , διεφαίνετο δʼ αἰνῶς ,
καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἆσσον φέρον ἐκ πυρός , ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι
ἵσταντʼ · αὐτὰρ θάρσος ἐνέπνευσεν μέγα δαίμων .
οἱ μὲν μοχλὸν ἑλόντες ἐλάινον , ὀξὺν ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ ,
ὀφθαλμῷ ἐνέρεισαν · ἐγὼ δʼ ἐφύπερθεν ἐρεισθεὶς
δίνεον , ὡς ὅτε τις τρυπῷ δόρυ νήιον ἀνὴρ
τρυπάνῳ , οἱ δέ τʼ ἔνερθεν ὑποσσείουσιν ἱμάντι
ἁψάμενοι ἑκάτερθε , τὸ δὲ τρέχει ἐμμενὲς αἰεί .
ὣς τοῦ ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ πυριήκεα μοχλὸν ἑλόντες
δινέομεν , τὸν δʼ αἷμα περίρρεε θερμὸν ἐόντα .
πάντα δέ οἱ βλέφαρʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ὀφρύας εὗσεν ἀυτμὴ
γλήνης καιομένης , σφαραγεῦντο δέ οἱ πυρὶ ῥίζαι .
ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν μέγαν ἠὲ σκέπαρνον
εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχοντα
φαρμάσσων · τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν
ὣς τοῦ σίζʼ ὀφθαλμὸς ἐλαϊνέῳ περὶ μοχλῷ .
σμερδαλέον δὲ μέγʼ ᾤμωξεν , περὶ δʼ ἴαχε πέτρη ,
ἡμεῖς δὲ δείσαντες ἀπεσσύμεθʼ · αὐτὰρ ὁ μοχλὸν
ἐξέρυσʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο πεφυρμένον αἵματι πολλῷ .
ἅψεσθαι , χλωρός περ ἐών , διεφαίνετο δʼ αἰνῶς ,
καὶ τότʼ ἐγὼν ἆσσον φέρον ἐκ πυρός , ἀμφὶ δʼ ἑταῖροι
ἵσταντʼ · αὐτὰρ θάρσος ἐνέπνευσεν μέγα δαίμων .
οἱ μὲν μοχλὸν ἑλόντες ἐλάινον , ὀξὺν ἐπʼ ἄκρῳ ,
ὀφθαλμῷ ἐνέρεισαν · ἐγὼ δʼ ἐφύπερθεν ἐρεισθεὶς
δίνεον , ὡς ὅτε τις τρυπῷ δόρυ νήιον ἀνὴρ
τρυπάνῳ , οἱ δέ τʼ ἔνερθεν ὑποσσείουσιν ἱμάντι
ἁψάμενοι ἑκάτερθε , τὸ δὲ τρέχει ἐμμενὲς αἰεί .
ὣς τοῦ ἐν ὀφθαλμῷ πυριήκεα μοχλὸν ἑλόντες
δινέομεν , τὸν δʼ αἷμα περίρρεε θερμὸν ἐόντα .
πάντα δέ οἱ βλέφαρʼ ἀμφὶ καὶ ὀφρύας εὗσεν ἀυτμὴ
γλήνης καιομένης , σφαραγεῦντο δέ οἱ πυρὶ ῥίζαι .
ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἀνὴρ χαλκεὺς πέλεκυν μέγαν ἠὲ σκέπαρνον
εἰν ὕδατι ψυχρῷ βάπτῃ μεγάλα ἰάχοντα
φαρμάσσων · τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν
ὣς τοῦ σίζʼ ὀφθαλμὸς ἐλαϊνέῳ περὶ μοχλῷ .
σμερδαλέον δὲ μέγʼ ᾤμωξεν , περὶ δʼ ἴαχε πέτρη ,
ἡμεῖς δὲ δείσαντες ἀπεσσύμεθʼ · αὐτὰρ ὁ μοχλὸν
ἐξέρυσʼ ὀφθαλμοῖο πεφυρμένον αἵματι πολλῷ .
Straight
was
the
olive-lever
,
I
had
laid
Amidst the huge fire to get hard’ning , hot ,
And glow’d extremely , though ’twas green ; which got
From forth the cinders , close about me stood
My hardy friends ; but that which did the good
Was God’s good inspiratión , that gave
A spirit beyond the spirit they us’d to have ;
Who took the olive spar , made keen before ,
And plung’d it in his eye , and up I bore ,
Bent to the top close , and help’d pour it in ,
With all my forces . And as you have seen
A ship-wright bore a naval beam , he oft
Thrusts at the auger’s froofe , works still aloft ,
And at the shank help others , with a cord
Wound round about to make it sooner bor’d ,
All plying the round still ; so into his eye
The fiery stake we labour’d to imply .
Out gush’d the blood that scalded , his eye-ball
Thrust out a flaming vapour , that scorch’d all
His brows and eye-lids , his eye-strings did crack ,
As in the sharp and burning rafter brake .
And as a smith , to harden any tool ,
Broad axe , or mattock , in his trough doth cool
The red-hot substance , that so fervent is
It makes the cold wave straight to seethe and hiss ;
So sod and hiss’d his eye about the stake .
He roar’d withal , and all his cavern brake
In claps like thunder . We did frighted fly ,
Dispers’d in corners . He from forth his eye
The fixed stake pluck’d ; after which the blood
Flow’d freshly forth ; and , mad ,
Amidst the huge fire to get hard’ning , hot ,
And glow’d extremely , though ’twas green ; which got
From forth the cinders , close about me stood
My hardy friends ; but that which did the good
Was God’s good inspiratión , that gave
A spirit beyond the spirit they us’d to have ;
Who took the olive spar , made keen before ,
And plung’d it in his eye , and up I bore ,
Bent to the top close , and help’d pour it in ,
With all my forces . And as you have seen
A ship-wright bore a naval beam , he oft
Thrusts at the auger’s froofe , works still aloft ,
And at the shank help others , with a cord
Wound round about to make it sooner bor’d ,
All plying the round still ; so into his eye
The fiery stake we labour’d to imply .
Out gush’d the blood that scalded , his eye-ball
Thrust out a flaming vapour , that scorch’d all
His brows and eye-lids , his eye-strings did crack ,
As in the sharp and burning rafter brake .
And as a smith , to harden any tool ,
Broad axe , or mattock , in his trough doth cool
The red-hot substance , that so fervent is
It makes the cold wave straight to seethe and hiss ;
So sod and hiss’d his eye about the stake .
He roar’d withal , and all his cavern brake
In claps like thunder . We did frighted fly ,
Dispers’d in corners . He from forth his eye
The fixed stake pluck’d ; after which the blood
Flow’d freshly forth ; and , mad ,
Antigone, 169-197
Chiara Palladino /
- Created on 2025-02-03 15:13:21
- Translated by R. Claverouse
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ὅτʼ οὖν ἐκεῖνοι πρὸς διπλῆς μοίρας μίαν
καθʼ ἡμέραν ὤλοντο παίσαντές τε καὶ
πληγέντες αὐτόχειρι σὺν μιάσματι ,
ἐγὼ κράτη δὴ πάντα καὶ θρόνους ἔχω
γένους κατʼ ἀγχιστεῖα τῶν ὀλωλότων .
ἀμήχανον δὲ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐκμαθεῖν
ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην , πρὶν ἂν
ἀρχαῖς τε καὶ νόμοισιν ἐντριβὴς φανῇ .
ἐμοὶ γὰρ ὅστις πᾶσαν εὐθύνων πόλιν
μὴ τῶν ἀρίστων ἅπτεται βουλευμάτων ,
ἀλλʼ ἐκ φόβου του γλῶσσαν ἐγκλῄσας ἔχει ,
κάκιστος εἶναι νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖ ·
καὶ μεῖζον ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας
φίλον νομίζει , τοῦτον οὐδαμοῦ λέγω .
ἐγὼ γάρ , ἴστω Ζεὺς ὁ πάνθʼ ὁρῶν ἀεί ,
οὔτʼ ἂν σιωπήσαιμι τὴν ἄτην ὁρῶν
στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς ἀντὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ,
οὔτʼ ἂν φίλον ποτʼ ἄνδρα δυσμενῆ χθονὸς
θείμην ἐμαυτῷ , τοῦτο γιγνώσκων ὅτι
ἥδʼ ἐστὶν ἡ σῴζουσα καὶ ταύτης ἔπι
πλέοντες ὀρθῆς τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα .
καθʼ ἡμέραν ὤλοντο παίσαντές τε καὶ
πληγέντες αὐτόχειρι σὺν μιάσματι ,
ἐγὼ κράτη δὴ πάντα καὶ θρόνους ἔχω
γένους κατʼ ἀγχιστεῖα τῶν ὀλωλότων .
ἀμήχανον δὲ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐκμαθεῖν
ψυχήν τε καὶ φρόνημα καὶ γνώμην , πρὶν ἂν
ἀρχαῖς τε καὶ νόμοισιν ἐντριβὴς φανῇ .
ἐμοὶ γὰρ ὅστις πᾶσαν εὐθύνων πόλιν
μὴ τῶν ἀρίστων ἅπτεται βουλευμάτων ,
ἀλλʼ ἐκ φόβου του γλῶσσαν ἐγκλῄσας ἔχει ,
κάκιστος εἶναι νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖ ·
καὶ μεῖζον ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας
φίλον νομίζει , τοῦτον οὐδαμοῦ λέγω .
ἐγὼ γάρ , ἴστω Ζεὺς ὁ πάνθʼ ὁρῶν ἀεί ,
οὔτʼ ἂν σιωπήσαιμι τὴν ἄτην ὁρῶν
στείχουσαν ἀστοῖς ἀντὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ,
οὔτʼ ἂν φίλον ποτʼ ἄνδρα δυσμενῆ χθονὸς
θείμην ἐμαυτῷ , τοῦτο γιγνώσκων ὅτι
ἥδʼ ἐστὶν ἡ σῴζουσα καὶ ταύτης ἔπι
πλέοντες ὀρθῆς τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα .
Since
,
then
,
these
latter
have
fallen
in
one
day
by
a
twofold
doom
—
each
striking
,
each
struck
,
both
with
the
stain
of
a
brother’s
murder
—
I
now
possess
all
the
power
and
the
throne
according
to
my
kinship
with
the
dead
.
Now , it is impossible to know fully any man’s character , will , or judgment , until he has been proved by the test of rule and law-giving . For if anyone who directs the entire city does not cling to the best and wisest plans , but because of some fear keeps his lips locked , then , in my judgment , he is and has long been the most cowardly traitor . And if any man thinks a friend more important than his fatherland , that man , I say , is of no account . Zeus , god who sees all things always , be my witness — I would not be silent if I saw ruin , instead of safety , marching upon the citizens . Nor would I ever make a man who is hostile to my country a friend to myself , because I know this , that our country is the ship that bears us safe , and that only when we sail her on a straight course can we make true friends .
Now , it is impossible to know fully any man’s character , will , or judgment , until he has been proved by the test of rule and law-giving . For if anyone who directs the entire city does not cling to the best and wisest plans , but because of some fear keeps his lips locked , then , in my judgment , he is and has long been the most cowardly traitor . And if any man thinks a friend more important than his fatherland , that man , I say , is of no account . Zeus , god who sees all things always , be my witness — I would not be silent if I saw ruin , instead of safety , marching upon the citizens . Nor would I ever make a man who is hostile to my country a friend to myself , because I know this , that our country is the ship that bears us safe , and that only when we sail her on a straight course can we make true friends .
Details
Chiara Palladino /
- Aligned by Chiara Palladino
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
Latin
Τιμοσθένης δὲ ὁ γράψας τοὺς περίπλους , δώδεκά φησί προστιθεὶς μέσον ἀπαρκτίου καὶ Καικίου Βορέαν · Εὔρου δὲ καὶ Νότου φοίνικα , τὸν καὶ Εὐρόνοτον · μέσον δὲ Νότου καὶ Λιβὸς τὸν Λευκόνοτον , ἤτοι Λιβόνοτον · μέσον δὲ Ἀπαρκτίου καὶ Ἀργέστου Θρασκίαν , ἤτοι Κίρκιον ὑπὸ τῶν περιοίκων ὀνομαζόμενον . Ἔθνη δὲ οἰκεῖν τὰ πέρατα , κατ’ Ἀπηλιώτην Βακτριανοὺς · κατ’ Εὖρον Ἰνδους · κατὰ Φοίνικα ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν καὶ Ἀραβίαν · κατὰ Νότον τὴν ὑπὲρ Αἴγυπτον Αἰθιοπίαν · κατὰ Λευκόνοτον τοὺς ὑπὲρ Σύρτεις Γαράμαντας · κατὰ Λίβα Αἰθίοπας καὶ δυσμικοὺς ὑπὲρ Μαύρους · κατὰ Ζέφυρον στήλας καὶ ἀρχὰς Λιβύης καὶ Εὐρώπης · κατ’ Ἀργέστην Ἰβηρίαν , τὴν νῦν Ἱσπανίαν · κατὰ δὲ Θρασκίαν Κελτοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅμορα · κατὰ Ἀπαρκτίαν τοὺς ὑπὲρ Θρᾴκην Σκύθας · κατὰ δὲ Βοῤῥᾶν , Πόντον , Μαιῶτιν , Σαρμάτας · κατὰ Καικίαν Κασπίαν θάλασσαν καὶ Σάκας .
Timosthenes
autem
qui
orae
maritimae
descriptionem
edidit
,
duodecim
esse
affirmat
,
inter
Aparctiam
et
Caecium
Boream
sive
Aquilonem
medium
inserens
:
inter
Eurum
et
Austrum
Phoenicem
,
quem
et
Euronotum
appellant
.
inter
Notum
autem
et
Liba
sive
inter
Austrum
et
Africum
Leuconotum
sive
Libonotum
:
inter
Septentrionalem
vero
ventum
atque
Caurum
Thrasciam
qui
et
Circius
a
gentibus
quae
versus
eam
plagam
habitant
,
appellatur
.
Gentes
vero
hasce
extremas
terrarum
oras
incolere
;
ad
Subsolanum
Bactrianos
;
ad
Eurum
Indos
.
ad
Phoenicem
mare
rubrum
,
atque
Aethiopiam
:
ad
Austrum
Aethiopiam
quae
supra
Aegÿptum
est
:
ad
Leuconotum
Garamantas
qui
supra
Sÿrtes
sunt
:
versus
Africam
Aethiopas
occidentales
qui
supra
Mauros
degunt
:
versus
Zephÿrum
,
columnas
Herculis
cum
principio
Africae
et
Europae
:
ad
Caurum
,
lberiam
,
quae
nunc
Hispania
vocatur
:
versus
Thrasciam
sive
Circium
,
Gallos
gentesque
finitimas
:
versus
septentrionem
Scÿthas
qui
ultra
Thrasciam
degunt
:
ad
Boream
vero
sive
Aquilonem
Pontum
,
Maetidem
paludem
,
et
Sarmatas
:
denique
ad
Caeciam
Caspium
mare
et
Sacas
.