Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1

Augustana College

Tacitus Annals Part 1

Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1
  • Created on 2020-04-21 23:12:27
  • Modified on 2020-04-24 04:54:38
  • Aligned by Mark Sharp
Latin
English
English
Tacitus Annals (Loeb Library)
Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb
Queen Elizabeth
Verbem Romam a principio reges habuere ;
libertatem et consulatem L . Brutus instituit .
Dictaturae ad tempus sumebantur ;
neque decemviralis potestas ultra biennium , neque tribunorum militum consulare ius diu valuit .
Non Cinnae , non Sullae longa dominatio ;
et Pompei Crassique potentia cito in Caesarem , Lepidi atque Antonii arma in Augustum cessere , qui cuncta discordiis civilibus fessa nomine principis sub imperium accepit .
ROME at the beginning was ruled by kings .
Freedom and the consulship were established by Lucius Brutus .
Dictatorships were held for a temporary crisis .
The power of the decemvirs did not last beyond two years , nor was the consular jurisdiction of the military tribunes of long duration .
The despotisms of Cinna and Sulla were brief ; the rule of Pompeius and of Crassus soon yielded before Caesar ;
the arms of Lepidus and Antonius before Augustus ;
who , when the world was wearied by civil strife , subjected it to empire under the title of " Prince . "
Rome citye at first Kinges guided . Popularitie and Consulshipp | L . Brutus ordained .
Dictators but for a tyme did serue , nether did | the ten mens rule aboue two yeares laste .
nor longe did byde the Consuls | rule ouer Tribunes bandes .
No lasting power Cinna nor Sylla had .
And | soone Pompeys and Crassus rule to Caesar fell .
Lepidus and Anthonyes | armes to Augustus gaue place , who *** to his rule did take with Princes title , all weryed with ciuill discordes .

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Part 2

Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1
  • Created on 2020-05-01 00:31:17
  • Modified on 2020-05-01 02:50:50
  • Aligned by Mark Sharp
Latin
English
English
Annals (Perseus)
Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (Perseus)
Queen Elizabeth (Hooker transcription)
sed veteris populi Romani prospera vel adversa claris scriptoribus memorata sunt ; temporibusque Augusti dicendis non defuere decora ingenia , donec gliscente adulatione deterrerentur . Tiberii Gaique et Claudii ac Neronis res florentibus ipsis ob metum falsae , postquam occiderant recentibus odiis compositae sunt . inde consilium mihi pauca de Augusto et extrema tradere , mox Tiberii principatum et cetera , sine ira et studio , quorum causas procul habeo .
Postquam Bruto et Cassio caesis nulla iam publica arma , Pompeius apud Siciliam oppressus exutoque Lepido , interfecto Antonio ne Iulianis quidem partibus nisi Caesar dux reliquus , posito triumviri nomine consulem se ferens et ad tuendam plebem tribunicio iure contentum , ubi militem donis , populum annona , cunctos dulcedine otii pellexit , insurgere paulatim , munia senatus magistratuum legum in se trahere , nullo adversante , cum ferocissimi per acies aut proscriptione cecidissent , ceteri nobilium , quanto quis servitio promptior , opibus et honoribus extollerentur ac novis ex rebus aucti tuta et praesentia quam vetera et periculosa mallent . neque provinciae illum rerum statum abnuebant , suspecto senatus populique imperio ob certamina potentium et avaritiam magistratuum , invalido legum auxilio quae vi ambitu postremo pecunia turbabantur .

But the successes and reverses of the old Roman people have been recorded by famous historians ; and fine intellects were not wanting to describe the times of Augustus , till growing sycophancy scared them away . The histories of Tiberius , Caius , Claudius , and Nero , while they were in power , were falsified through terror , and after their death were written under the irritation of a recent hatred . Hence my purpose is to relate a few facts about Augustus—more particularly his last acts , then the reign of Tiberius , and all which follows , without either bitterness or partiality , from any motives to which I am far removed .
When after the destruction of Brutus and Cassius there was no longer any army of the Commonwealth , when Pompeius was crushed in Sicily , and when , with Lepidus pushed aside and Antonius slain , even the Julian faction had only Cæsar left to lead it , then , dropping the title of triumvir , and giving out that he was a Consul , and was satisfied with a tribune ' s authority for the protection of the people , Augustus won over the soldiers with gifts , the populace with cheap corn , and all men with the sweets of repose , and so grew greater by degrees , while he concentrated in himself the functions of the Senate , the magistrates , and the laws . He was wholly unopposed , for the boldest spirits had fallen in battle , or in the proscription , while the remaining nobles , the readier they were to be slaves , were raised the higher by wealth and promotion , so that , aggrandised by revolution , they preferred the safety of the present to the dangerous past . Nor did the provinces dislike that condition of affairs , for they distrusted the government of the Senate and the people , because of the rivalries between the leading men and the rapacity of the officials , while the protection of the laws was unavailing , as they were continually deranged by violence , intrigue , and finally by corruption .
As for the auncient Roman peo|ple , both prosperous and miserable , by cleare authors are well remembred . | There lacked not florishing wittes , to se*te out Augustus dayes vntill | flatteries glose to muche affrighted them . Tiberius , Caius , Claudius , | and Neroes time , when they florished for feare of falshood ; after their | dayes , by fresh hates were accorded . This made me take in hande the | laste and few of Augustus dayes , and so Tiberius rule and all the rest , | without malice or zeale , from which both , I am farre of . [ 1 . 2 ] After Brutus | and Cassius slaine there were no common armes . Pompey oppressed in | Sicilia , Lepidus rejected , Anthony killed ; and none left for Julius parte , | but Cesar alone , who leauing the name of Triumuir remained but Consul , | contented by Tribunes right to defend the people . Wherein when he had | won the soldier by gifts , the people by gyftes ( ? ) plentie , and all by eases | sweetnes ; then began he to pluck and drawe , the Senates office , the Magis-|trates power , and all lawes to himselfe . none gainsaying , when the stowt=|est by battayle or exyle were decayed . The rest of noblest , as redyest in | service , so moste aduanced in wealth and dignitie , increased by new gyftes | chose rather the saffe , and present , then ancient and dangerous . Nether | did the Prouinces gainsay this ordered state . The rule of Senate and people | suspected for the great ones striffes , and magistrates auarice , nought | availing lawes healpe , which by violence , ambition , at laste for money | were all shaken .

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Tacitus 1.3

Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1
  • Created on 2020-05-06 21:09:27
  • Modified on 2020-05-07 06:15:45
  • Aligned by Mark Sharp
Latin
English
English
Annals (Perseus)
Queen Elizabeth Translation
Greenwey translation
Ceterum Augustus subsidia dominationi Claudium Marcellum sororis filium admodum adulescentem pontificatu et curuli aedilitate , M . Agrippam , ignobilem loco , bonum militia et victoriae socium , geminatis consulatibus extulit , mox defuncto Marcello generum sumpsit ; Tiberium Neronem et Claudium Drusum privignos imperatoriis nominibus auxit , integra etiam tum domo sua . nam genitos Agrippa Gaium ac Lucium in familiam Caesarum induxerat , necdum posita puerili praetexta principes iuventutis appellari , destinari consules specie recusantis flagrantissime cupiverat . ut Agrippa vita concessit , Lucium Caesarem euntem ad Hispaniensis exercitus , Gaium remeantem Armenia et vulnere invalidum mors fato propera vel novercae Liviae dolus abstulit , Drusoque pridem extincto Nero solus e privignis erat , illuc cuncta vergere : filius , collega imperii , consors tribuniciae potestatis adsumitur omnisque per exercitus ostentatur , non obscuris , ut antea , matris artibus , sed palam hortatu . nam senem Augustum devinxerat adeo , uti nepotem unicum , Agrippam Postumum , in insulam Planasiam proiecerit , rudem sane bonarum artium et robore corporis stolide ferocem , nullius tamen flagitii conpertum . at hercule Germanicum Druso ortum octo apud Rhenum legionibus inposuit adscirique per adoptionem a Tiberio iussit , quamquam esset in domo Tiberii filius iuvenis , sed quo pluribus munimentis insisteret .
But Augustus tooke for rules healpe Cla . Marcellus | his sisters sonne , a yong man aduancinge him first to be Bushoppe and | Aedyle . And Agrippa also , base for his place , but a good soldier , and com-|pagnon of his victories , he preferred to a double Consulshippe . and soon e | after Marcellus dying , he chose him for sonne in lawe . Tiberius Nero and | Claud . Drusus his wyfes sonnes , he endued with Emperors names , though | his own howse were well filled , for he had drawen into the family of Cesar | Caius and Lucius , Agrippas sonnes , though scarse they had caste of their childish cloakes . He willed them to be called Youthes Princes . whom greedely he desired throroughe collor of refuse to appointe Consuls . As Agrippa dyed . so ded hastie death or stepdams Liuias crafte , depriue of | lyfe Lucius Cesar going to the spanishe army , and Caius leauinge | Armenia for his wound vnseruiceable . So Drusus destroyed . Nero | alone remained , of all his wifes children . whom onely all respected . | He was the sonne . the rules compagnon . the Tribunes powers fellow . sent | out to all the army , not by slye art , as before of his mother , but openly | now by a publike desire . for she had so wonne the olde Augustus , that | he banished his onely nephew Agrippa Posthumus into Planasia | Island . ignorant he was of all good artes , and grossely strong for bo-|dies strength , but neuer guiltie of wicked acte . Yet Germanicus | Drusus sonne he appointed ruler of the eight legions beyond the | Rhyne , and bad Tiberius adopte him ( although he had a yong childe | of his owne ) with greater strength to inforce his rule
Besides this , Augustus labouring by some stay , to settle the soueraigntie , aduanced Claudius Marcellus his sisters sonne being very yoong , to the pontificall dignitie and Aedilship : and M . Agrippa meanly descended , but in martiall exploites warlike , and a companion in his victories , to be twise Consul togither ; and after Marcellus death chose him to be his sonne in lawe . And his owne house not failing , he bestowed the title of Emperor vpon Tiberius Nero and Claudius Drusus his wiues children ; and adopted Caius and Lucius , Agrip∣paes children : and making shew to the contrarie ; yet his earnest desire was , they should be called Princes of youth , and chosen Consuls elect , before they had cast off their praetext or infants garments . But when Agrippa was dead , and Lucius going into Spaine to take charge of the armie , and Caius returning wounded out of Ar∣menia , by hastie fate or trecherie of their stepmother Liuia : Drusus also dead long before , onely Nero was left of all Augustus sonnes in lawe . Vnto him all men now crowched and fawned ; being receiued the adopted sonne of Augustus ; copartner of the empire ; associate of the Tribunitian dignitie ; shewen to the campe as successor ; not as before by secret deuises and practises of his mother , but openly perswading the Emperor thereto . For she had so enthralled the sillie olde man , that Agrippa Posthumus his onely nephew , he had confined in the Iland Planasia : in deede , badly trained vp in liberall sciences , and sottishly bragging of his strength and actiuitie of bodie ; but yet neuer detected of any notorious vice . He gaue Germanicus sonne vnto Drusus , charge ouer eight legions , by the riuer of Rhene ; and commanded Tiberius ( albeit he had a sonne of his owne ) to adopt him , the better to establish the succes∣sion with mo staies than one .

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Tacitus Annals 1.11

Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1
  • Created on 2020-05-21 22:39:49
  • Modified on 2020-05-22 20:51:56
  • Aligned by Mark Sharp
Latin
English
English
Tacitus Annals (Perseus)
Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (Perseus)
Queen Elizabeth (My transcription)
Versae inde ad Tiberium preces . et ille varie disserebat de magnitudine imperii sua modestia . solam divi Augusti mentem tantae molis capacem : se in partem curarum ab illo vocatum experiendo didicisse quam arduum , quam subiectum fortunae regendi cuncta onus . proinde in civitate tot inlustribus viris subnixa non ad unum omnia deferrent : plures facilius munia rei publicae sociatis laboribus exsecuturos . plus in oratione tali dignitatis quam fidei erat ; Tiberioque etiam in rebus quas non occuleret , seu natura sive adsuetudine , suspensa semper et obscura verba : tunc vero nitenti ut sensus suos penitus abderet , in incertum et ambiguum magis implicabantur . at patres , quibus unus metus si intellegere viderentur , in questus lacrimas vota effundi ; ad deos , ad effigiem Augusti , ad genua ipsius manus tendere , cum proferri libellum recitarique iussit . opes publicae continebantur , quantum civium sociorumque in armis , quot classes , regna , provinciae , tributa aut vectigalia , et necessitates ac largitiones . quae cuncta sua manu perscripserat Augustus addideratque consilium coercendi intra terminos imperii , incertum metu an per invidiam .
After this all prayers were addressed to Tiberius . He , on his part , urged various considerations , the greatness of the empire , his distrust of himself . " Only , " he said , " the intellect of the Divine Augustus was equal to such a burden . Called as he had been by him to share his anxieties , he had learnt by experience how exposed to fortune ' s caprices was the task of universal rule . Consequently , in a state which had the support of so many great men , they should not put everything on one man , as many , by uniting their efforts would more easily discharge public functions . " There was more grand sentiment than good faith in such words . Tiberius ' s language even in matters which he did not care to conceal , either from nature or habit , was always hesitating and obscure , and now that he was struggling to hide his feelings completely , it was all the more involved in uncertainty and doubt . The Senators , however , whose only fear was lest they might seem to understand him , burst into complaints , tears , and prayers . They raised their hands to the gods , to the statue of Augustus , and to the knees of Tiberius , when he ordered a document to be produced and read . This contained a description of the resources of the State , of the number of citizens and allies under arms , of the fleets , subject kingdoms , provinces , taxes , direct and indirect , necessary expenses and customary bounties . All these details Augustus had written with his own hand , and had added a counsel , that the empire should be confined to its present limits , either from fear or out of jealousy .
Their prayers they turned to Tiberius , | and he diuersly spake of the greatnes of the empire staming myld| Onely the sacred Augustus mynde was capable of suche a burden . Him|selfe as called by him to part of care had learned by proofe how harde| and subicct was to fortune , all burden of rule , after all cleauing to| the censure of worthy est men . Not all in City to be referred to one man . | the more , more easely , their labors equal , the common Furalthes charge| might best performe . In this speech there was more dignity than| faithe . doubtful and darke speaches Tiberius bied euin in those| things that hyde he coulde not whether by nature or vise , but suer| they bended nare to truthe , to hyde the more his censure and alwaies| wrapte in uncertainity and doubte . But the fathers whose onily feare| was if they should seam to understand him , burst out in wayles teares and bowes , with hande lyfte up to heauen and bended knee to| Augustus picturie . Whien he had the booke be brought out and recited| contsyning the common treasure , the Cities , and associate forces , the num|ber of the nauy , kingdomes , prouinces , tributes , rebiennierues ? , their lacks| and liberalities , which all with his own hande Augustus rurette , and added his councell . to keep with in limits the Empire , uncertain| whether for feare or hate .

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Tacitus Annals 1.11 Greenwey

Mark Sharp / Tacitus Annals Part 1
  • Created on 2020-05-22 18:30:59
  • Modified on 2020-05-22 20:52:25
  • Aligned by Mark Sharp
Akkadian
Akkadian
Tacitus Annals (Perseus)
Greenwey Translation
from that time for∣ward all sutes and requests were made to Tiberius , who discoursing diuersly of the greatnes of the empire , and in modest termes of his owne insufficiencie , thought Augustus wisedome onely capable of so weightie a charge ; that himselfe being assumed by Augustus , as an associate and partner in the state , had by good proofe learned , how hard a matter , and how subiect vnto fortunes change : rule and soueraigntie was . And seeing the citie was replenished with so many famous and woorthie personages , better it were and more ease , that manie , ioining their studies and cares togither , should vndertake the charge , than cast all vpon one mans shoul∣ders . This speech carried greater maiestie than truth : for Tiberius either by nature , or by custome , yea euen in those things which he would haue knowen , spake alwaies darkly and doubtfully ; but then of set purpose endeuoring to hide his drifts , wrap∣ped himselfe more than euer , in a darke cloud of vncertaintie and ambiguitie . But the Lords of the Senate fearing all one thing ( which was least some perill might en∣sue , if he should doubt that they perceiued his dissimulation ) began to lament ; com∣plaine ; offer vp vowes ; and lift vp their hands to the gods ; to Augustus image , and to his owne knees ; vntill he commanded the booke of remembrances to be brought foorth and read . That booke contained the wealth of the publike treasure ; how many citizens and allies were in armes ; what strength there was by sea ; how manie kingdomes , prouinces , and countries yeelded obedience to the empire ; what tribute was leuied ; what customes ; what necessarie charges issued out ; what giftes ; and al written with Augustus owne hand . Withal he gaue a politike instruction ( yet whe∣ther for feare or enuie vncertaine ) how to restraine the empire within bounds and limits

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