Odyssey 1.22-31
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Ἑλληνική
English
English
ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν Αἰθίοπας μετεκίαθε τηλόθ᾽ ἐόντας ,
Αἰθίοπας τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται , ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν ,
οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δ᾽ ἀνιόντος ,
ἀντιόων ταύρων τε καὶ ἀρνειῶν ἑκατόμβης .
ἔνθ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος : οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι
Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν .
τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε :
μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο ,
τόν ῥ᾽ Ἀγαμεμνονίδης τηλεκλυτὸς ἔκταν᾽ Ὀρέστης :
τοῦ ὅ γ᾽ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπε᾽ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα :
Αἰθίοπας τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται , ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν ,
οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δ᾽ ἀνιόντος ,
ἀντιόων ταύρων τε καὶ ἀρνειῶν ἑκατόμβης .
ἔνθ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος : οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι
Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν .
τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε :
μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο ,
τόν ῥ᾽ Ἀγαμεμνονίδης τηλεκλυτὸς ἔκταν᾽ Ὀρέστης :
τοῦ ὅ γ᾽ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπε᾽ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα :
Howbeit Poseidon had gone among the far-off Ethiopians—the Ethiopians who dwell sundered in twain , the farthermost of men , some where Hyperion sets and some where he rises , there to receive a hecatomb of bulls and rams , and there he was taking his joy , sitting at the feast ; but the other gods were gathered together in the halls of Olympian Zeus . Among them the father of gods and men was first to speak , for in his heart he thought of noble Aegisthus , whom far-famed Orestes , Agamemnon ' s son , had slain . Thinking on him he spoke among the immortals , and said :
But now the distant Ethiopians ,
who lived between the sunset and the dawn ,
were worshipping the Sea God with a feast ,
a hundred cattle and a hundred rams .
There sat the god , delighted in his banquet .
The other gods were gathered on Olympus ,
in Father Zeus ' palace . He was thinking
of fine , well-born Aegisthus , who was killed
by Agamemnon ' s famous son Orestes .
He told the deathless gods ,
who lived between the sunset and the dawn ,
were worshipping the Sea God with a feast ,
a hundred cattle and a hundred rams .
There sat the god , delighted in his banquet .
The other gods were gathered on Olympus ,
in Father Zeus ' palace . He was thinking
of fine , well-born Aegisthus , who was killed
by Agamemnon ' s famous son Orestes .
He told the deathless gods ,
Odyssey 1.33-43 Fagles, Lattimore
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Ἑλληνική
English
English
ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκ᾽ ἔμμεναι , οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ
σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγε᾽ ἔχουσιν ,
35ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο
γῆμ᾽ ἄλοχον μνηστήν , τὸν δ᾽ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα ,
εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον , ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς ,
Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες , ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην ,
μήτ᾽ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν :
40ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο ,
ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης .
ὣς ἔφαθ᾽ Ἑρμείας , ἀλλ᾽ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο
πεῖθ᾽ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων : νῦν δ᾽ ἁθρόα πάντ᾽ ἀπέτισεν .
σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγε᾽ ἔχουσιν ,
35ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο
γῆμ᾽ ἄλοχον μνηστήν , τὸν δ᾽ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα ,
εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον , ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς ,
Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες , ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην ,
μήτ᾽ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν :
40ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο ,
ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης .
ὣς ἔφαθ᾽ Ἑρμείας , ἀλλ᾽ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο
πεῖθ᾽ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων : νῦν δ᾽ ἁθρόα πάντ᾽ ἀπέτισεν .
From us alone , they say , come all their miseries , yes ,
but they themselves , with their own reckless ways ,
compound their pains beyond their proper share .
Look at Aegisthus now . . .
above and beyond his share he stole Arides ' wife ,
he murdered the warlord coming home from Troy
though he knew it meant his own total ruin .
Far in advance we told him so ourselves ,
dispatching the guide , the giant-killer Hermes .
' Don ' t murder the man , ' he said , don ' t court his wife .
Beware , revenge will come from Orestes , Agamemnon ' s son ,
that day he comes of age and longs for his native land . '
So Hermes warned , with all the good will in the world ,
but they themselves , with their own reckless ways ,
compound their pains beyond their proper share .
Look at Aegisthus now . . .
above and beyond his share he stole Arides ' wife ,
he murdered the warlord coming home from Troy
though he knew it meant his own total ruin .
Far in advance we told him so ourselves ,
dispatching the guide , the giant-killer Hermes .
' Don ' t murder the man , ' he said , don ' t court his wife .
Beware , revenge will come from Orestes , Agamemnon ' s son ,
that day he comes of age and longs for his native land . '
So Hermes warned , with all the good will in the world ,
for they say that evils are from us . Yet they themselves
have woes beyond their lot by their own recklessness ,
as even now , beyond his lot , Aegisthus
married Atreides ' wedded wife and killed him when he came home ,
sure of sheer destruction , after we told him beforehand ,
sending Hermes , sharp-sighted Argeiphontes ,
to neither woo his wife nor kill him ,
for there ' d be revenge , from Atreides ' son Orestes ,
when he came of age and longed for his own land .
So Hermes said , but he didn ' t win over the mind of Aegisthus ,
though he meant well . Now he ' s paid for it all all together . "
have woes beyond their lot by their own recklessness ,
as even now , beyond his lot , Aegisthus
married Atreides ' wedded wife and killed him when he came home ,
sure of sheer destruction , after we told him beforehand ,
sending Hermes , sharp-sighted Argeiphontes ,
to neither woo his wife nor kill him ,
for there ' d be revenge , from Atreides ' son Orestes ,
when he came of age and longed for his own land .
So Hermes said , but he didn ' t win over the mind of Aegisthus ,
though he meant well . Now he ' s paid for it all all together . "
Odyssey 1.1-43 Masse Alignment
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Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε , μοῦσα , πολύτροπον , ὃς μάλα πολλὰ
πλάγχθη , ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν :
πολλῶν δ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω ,
πολλὰ δ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν ,
ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψυχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων .
ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὣς ἑτάρους ἐρρύσατο , ἱέμενός περ :
αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο ,
νήπιοι , οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο
ἤσθιον : αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ .
τῶν ἁμόθεν γε , θεά , θύγατερ Διός , εἰπὲ καὶ ἡμῖν .
ἔνθ᾽ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες , ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον ,
οἴκοι ἔσαν , πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν :
τὸν δ᾽ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς
νύμφη πότνι᾽ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων
ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι , λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι .
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν ,
τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι
εἰς Ἰθάκην , οὐδ᾽ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων
καὶ μετὰ οἷσι φίλοισι . θεοὶ δ᾽ ἐλέαιρον ἅπαντες
νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος : ὁ δ᾽ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν
ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι .
ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν Αἰθίοπας μετεκίαθε τηλόθ᾽ ἐόντας ,
Αἰθίοπας τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται , ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν ,
οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δ᾽ ἀνιόντος ,
ἀντιόων ταύρων τε καὶ ἀρνειῶν ἑκατόμβης .
ἔνθ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος : οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι
Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν .
τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε :
μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο ,
τόν ῥ᾽ Ἀγαμεμνονίδης τηλεκλυτὸς ἔκταν᾽ Ὀρέστης :
τοῦ ὅ γ᾽ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπε᾽ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα :
ὢ πόποι , οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται :
ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκ᾽ ἔμμεναι , οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ
σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγε᾽ ἔχουσιν ,
ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο
γῆμ᾽ ἄλοχον μνηστήν , τὸν δ᾽ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα ,
εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον , ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς ,
Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες , ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην ,
μήτ᾽ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν :
ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο ,
ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης .
ὣς ἔφαθ᾽ Ἑρμείας , ἀλλ᾽ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο
πεῖθ᾽ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων : νῦν δ᾽ ἁθρόα πάντ᾽ ἀπέτισεν .
πλάγχθη , ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν :
πολλῶν δ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω ,
πολλὰ δ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν ,
ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψυχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων .
ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὣς ἑτάρους ἐρρύσατο , ἱέμενός περ :
αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο ,
νήπιοι , οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο
ἤσθιον : αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ .
τῶν ἁμόθεν γε , θεά , θύγατερ Διός , εἰπὲ καὶ ἡμῖν .
ἔνθ᾽ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες , ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον ,
οἴκοι ἔσαν , πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν :
τὸν δ᾽ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς
νύμφη πότνι᾽ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων
ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι , λιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι .
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν ,
τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι
εἰς Ἰθάκην , οὐδ᾽ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων
καὶ μετὰ οἷσι φίλοισι . θεοὶ δ᾽ ἐλέαιρον ἅπαντες
νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος : ὁ δ᾽ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν
ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι .
ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν Αἰθίοπας μετεκίαθε τηλόθ᾽ ἐόντας ,
Αἰθίοπας τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται , ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν ,
οἱ μὲν δυσομένου Ὑπερίονος οἱ δ᾽ ἀνιόντος ,
ἀντιόων ταύρων τε καὶ ἀρνειῶν ἑκατόμβης .
ἔνθ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐτέρπετο δαιτὶ παρήμενος : οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι
Ζηνὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν Ὀλυμπίου ἁθρόοι ἦσαν .
τοῖσι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε :
μνήσατο γὰρ κατὰ θυμὸν ἀμύμονος Αἰγίσθοιο ,
τόν ῥ᾽ Ἀγαμεμνονίδης τηλεκλυτὸς ἔκταν᾽ Ὀρέστης :
τοῦ ὅ γ᾽ ἐπιμνησθεὶς ἔπε᾽ ἀθανάτοισι μετηύδα :
ὢ πόποι , οἷον δή νυ θεοὺς βροτοὶ αἰτιόωνται :
ἐξ ἡμέων γάρ φασι κάκ᾽ ἔμμεναι , οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ
σφῇσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὑπὲρ μόρον ἄλγε᾽ ἔχουσιν ,
ὡς καὶ νῦν Αἴγισθος ὑπὲρ μόρον Ἀτρεΐδαο
γῆμ᾽ ἄλοχον μνηστήν , τὸν δ᾽ ἔκτανε νοστήσαντα ,
εἰδὼς αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον , ἐπεὶ πρό οἱ εἴπομεν ἡμεῖς ,
Ἑρμείαν πέμψαντες , ἐύσκοπον ἀργεϊφόντην ,
μήτ᾽ αὐτὸν κτείνειν μήτε μνάασθαι ἄκοιτιν :
ἐκ γὰρ Ὀρέσταο τίσις ἔσσεται Ἀτρεΐδαο ,
ὁππότ᾽ ἂν ἡβήσῃ τε καὶ ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης .
ὣς ἔφαθ᾽ Ἑρμείας , ἀλλ᾽ οὐ φρένας Αἰγίσθοιο
πεῖθ᾽ ἀγαθὰ φρονέων : νῦν δ᾽ ἁθρόα πάντ᾽ ἀπέτισεν .
Man
,
Muse
,
tell
me
of
one
many-turned
who
long
and
far
Was driven , after he sacked the hallowed citadel of Troy
He saw many cities of men , and learned their mind
At sea he suffered many pains in his heart
Striving for his life and his comrades ' return
But he didn ' t save them , they themselves
through their own foolishness destroyed ,
children , they were eating the oxen of the sun god Helios
And he snatched away their return day
From the depths , goddess , daughter of Zeus , speak
Now indeed all the other greats escaped steep death ,
Were at home , having fled from war and sea
He alone still longing for his return and wife
Though the young goddess queen Kalipso
In a cave hollow desiring for him to be her husband
But when the years passed around
The gods themselves spun ( a fate ) that he would return
To Ithaka , but there not evading himself from challenge
And from his beloved . The gods were pitying him
Except Poseidon , who without end was
Contending against godlike Odysseus before he came to his own land
But Poseidon went to the Ethiopians , being
Ethiopians that have divided in two , the furthest men
Where Hyperion sinking and rising
Poseidon going for a sacrifice of bulls and rams
There he was cheered . The others
Were in a large hall of Olympian Zeus
The first to speech was the father of both men and gods
In his mind and soul he held noble Aegisthus
Whom Agamemnon ' s far-famed son Orestes killed
Remembering him with the immortals , Zeus began speaking
Oh confounded , mortals blame gods
They say for evils to be from us the gods , but they even themselves
by means of their own recklessness have pains beyond measure
Aegisthus , beyond what was assigned to him
pursued the wife of the son of Atreus , and killed him when returning
Having known of the ruin , beforehand told
By watchful Hermes , Argus-slayer
Not to kill him nor pursue after his wife
For vengence will come from Atreus ' s son Orestes
When he attained the age and desired his home land
So declared Hermes , did not persuade Aegisthus
though well-thought ; now it is repaid in heaps
Was driven , after he sacked the hallowed citadel of Troy
He saw many cities of men , and learned their mind
At sea he suffered many pains in his heart
Striving for his life and his comrades ' return
But he didn ' t save them , they themselves
through their own foolishness destroyed ,
children , they were eating the oxen of the sun god Helios
And he snatched away their return day
From the depths , goddess , daughter of Zeus , speak
Now indeed all the other greats escaped steep death ,
Were at home , having fled from war and sea
He alone still longing for his return and wife
Though the young goddess queen Kalipso
In a cave hollow desiring for him to be her husband
But when the years passed around
The gods themselves spun ( a fate ) that he would return
To Ithaka , but there not evading himself from challenge
And from his beloved . The gods were pitying him
Except Poseidon , who without end was
Contending against godlike Odysseus before he came to his own land
But Poseidon went to the Ethiopians , being
Ethiopians that have divided in two , the furthest men
Where Hyperion sinking and rising
Poseidon going for a sacrifice of bulls and rams
There he was cheered . The others
Were in a large hall of Olympian Zeus
The first to speech was the father of both men and gods
In his mind and soul he held noble Aegisthus
Whom Agamemnon ' s far-famed son Orestes killed
Remembering him with the immortals , Zeus began speaking
Oh confounded , mortals blame gods
They say for evils to be from us the gods , but they even themselves
by means of their own recklessness have pains beyond measure
Aegisthus , beyond what was assigned to him
pursued the wife of the son of Atreus , and killed him when returning
Having known of the ruin , beforehand told
By watchful Hermes , Argus-slayer
Not to kill him nor pursue after his wife
For vengence will come from Atreus ' s son Orestes
When he attained the age and desired his home land
So declared Hermes , did not persuade Aegisthus
though well-thought ; now it is repaid in heaps
odyssey 1-20
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Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε , μοῦσα , πολύτροπον , ὃς μάλα πολλὰ πλάγχθη , ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσεν : πολλῶν δ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω , πολλὰ δ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν , ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψυχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων . ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ὣς ἑτάρους ἐρρύσατο , ἱέμενός περ : αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο , νήπιοι , οἳ κατὰ βοῦς Ὑπερίονος Ἠελίοιο ἤσθιον : αὐτὰρ ὁ τοῖσιν ἀφείλετο νόστιμον ἦμαρ . τῶν ἁμόθεν γε , θεά , θύγατερ Διός , εἰπὲ καὶ ἡμῖν . ἔνθ᾽ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες , ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον , οἴκοι ἔσαν , πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν :
τὸν δ᾽ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς νύμφη πότνι᾽ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι , ιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι . ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν , τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι εἰς Ἰθάκην , οὐδ᾽ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων καὶ μετὰ οἷσι φίλοισι . θεοὶ δ᾽ ἐλέαιρον ἅπαντες νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος : ὁ δ᾽ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι .
τὸν δ᾽ οἶον νόστου κεχρημένον ἠδὲ γυναικὸς νύμφη πότνι᾽ ἔρυκε Καλυψὼ δῖα θεάων ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι , ιλαιομένη πόσιν εἶναι . ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ ἔτος ἦλθε περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν , τῷ οἱ ἐπεκλώσαντο θεοὶ οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι εἰς Ἰθάκην , οὐδ᾽ ἔνθα πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων καὶ μετὰ οἷσι φίλοισι . θεοὶ δ᾽ ἐλέαιρον ἅπαντες νόσφι Ποσειδάωνος : ὁ δ᾽ ἀσπερχὲς μενέαινεν ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πάρος ἣν γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι .
Tell
for
me
,
Muse
,
the
much-turned
man
,
who
wandered
very
many
ways
after
he
had
sacked
Troy
'
s
sacred
citadel
.
He
saw
and
learned
many
men
'
s
cities
and
minds
,
and
suffered
many
woes
in
his
heart
upon
the
sea
,
seeking
to
win
his
own
life
and
the
return
of
his
comrades
.
Yet
thus
he
did
not
save
his
comrades
,
he
put
in
motion
himself
however
,
for
by
their
own
sin
they
perished
,
fools
,
who
ate
Helios
Hyperion
'
s
bull
;
nevertheless
he
took
that
day
of
return
.
That
from
some
place
or
other
,
daughter
of
Zeus
,
said
herself
and
for
my
part
.
Now
all
the
rest
,
as
many
as
had
escaped
high
and
steep
destruction
,
were
at
home
,
had
fled
from
both
war
and
sea
,
but
he
alone
,
had
proclaimed
himself
his
return
and
his
wife
'
s
,
did
restrain
in
her
hollow
caves
the
nymph
bride
Calypso
,
the
heavenly
goddess
,
who
yearns
herself
for
him
to
be
her
husband
.
But
when
,
as
the
seasons
turned
,
came
the
year
when
the
gods
had
ordered
him
to
go
home
to
Ithaca
,
not
even
there
had
he
fled
contest
,
and
among
that
beloved
.
And
all
the
gods
pitied
him
except
Poseidon
;
but
he
envied
unceasingly
godlike
Odysseus
until
he
reached
his
land
.
Orazio, Satira IV
/
Latin
italiano
Eupolis atque Cratinus Aristophanesque poetae
atque alii , quorum comoedia prisca virorum est ,
siquis erat dignus describi , quod malus ac fur ,
quod moechus foret aut sicarius aut alioqui
famosus , multa cum libertate notabant .
Hinc omnis pendet Lucilius , hosce secutus ,
mutatis tantum pedibus numerisque , facetus ,
emunctae naris , durus conponere versus .
Nam fuit hoc vitiosus : in hora saepe ducentos ,
ut magnum , versus dictabat stans pede in uno ;
cum flueret lutulentus , erat quod tollere velles ;
garrulus atque piger scribendi ferre laborem ,
scribendi recte : nam ut multum , nil moror . Ecce ,
Crispinus minimo me provocat " Accipe , si vis ,
accipiam tabulas ; detur nobis locus , hora ,
custodes ; videamus , uter plus scribere possit " .
Di bene fecerunt , inopis me quodque pusilli
finxerunt animi , raro et perpauca loquentis ;
at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras
usque laborantis , dum ferrum molliat ignis ,
ut mavis , imitare . Beatus Fannius ultro
delatis capsis et imagine , cum mea nemo
scripta legat , volgo recitare timentis ob hanc rem ,
quod sunt quos genus hoc minime iuvat , utpote pluris
culpari dignos . Quemvis media elige turba :
aut ob avaritiam aut misera ambitione laborat .
Hic nuptarum insanit amoribus , hic puerorum :
hunc capit argenti splendor ; stupet Albius aere ;
hic mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum , quo
vespertina tepet regio , quin per mala praeceps
fertur uti pulvis collectus turbine , nequid
summa deperdat metuens aut ampliet ut rem .
Omnes hi metuunt versus , odere poetas .
" Faenum habet in cornu , longe fuge ; dummodo risum
excutiat sibi , non hic cuiquam parcet amico
et quodcumque semel chartis inleverit , omnis
gestiet a furno redeuntis scire lacuque
et pueros et anus " . Agedum pauca accipe contra .
Primum ego me illorum , dederim quibus esse poetis ,
excerpam numero : neque enim concludere versum
dixeris esse satis neque , siqui scribat uti nos
sermoni propiora , putes hunc esse poetam .
Ingenium cui sit , cui mens divinior atque os
magna sonaturum , des nominis huius honorem .
Idcirco quidam comoedia necne poema
esset , quaesivere , quod acer spiritus ac vis
nec verbis nec rebus inest , nisi quod pede certo
differt sermoni , sermo merus . " At pater ardens
saevit , quod meretrice nepos insanus amica
filius uxorem grandi cum dote recuset ,
ebrius et , magnum quod dedecus , ambulet ante
noctem cum facibus " . Numquid Pomponius istis
audiret leviora , pater si viveret ? Ergo
non satis est puris versum perscribere verbis ,
quem si dissolvas , quivis stomachetur eodem
quo personatus pacto pater . His , ego quae nunc ,
olim quae scripsit Lucilius , eripias si
tempora certa modosque , et quod prius ordine verbum est
posterius facias praeponens ultima primis ,
non , ut si solvas " Postquam Discordia taetra
belli ferratos postis portasque refregit " ,
invenias etiam disiecti membra poetae . [ . . . ]
atque alii , quorum comoedia prisca virorum est ,
siquis erat dignus describi , quod malus ac fur ,
quod moechus foret aut sicarius aut alioqui
famosus , multa cum libertate notabant .
Hinc omnis pendet Lucilius , hosce secutus ,
mutatis tantum pedibus numerisque , facetus ,
emunctae naris , durus conponere versus .
Nam fuit hoc vitiosus : in hora saepe ducentos ,
ut magnum , versus dictabat stans pede in uno ;
cum flueret lutulentus , erat quod tollere velles ;
garrulus atque piger scribendi ferre laborem ,
scribendi recte : nam ut multum , nil moror . Ecce ,
Crispinus minimo me provocat " Accipe , si vis ,
accipiam tabulas ; detur nobis locus , hora ,
custodes ; videamus , uter plus scribere possit " .
Di bene fecerunt , inopis me quodque pusilli
finxerunt animi , raro et perpauca loquentis ;
at tu conclusas hircinis follibus auras
usque laborantis , dum ferrum molliat ignis ,
ut mavis , imitare . Beatus Fannius ultro
delatis capsis et imagine , cum mea nemo
scripta legat , volgo recitare timentis ob hanc rem ,
quod sunt quos genus hoc minime iuvat , utpote pluris
culpari dignos . Quemvis media elige turba :
aut ob avaritiam aut misera ambitione laborat .
Hic nuptarum insanit amoribus , hic puerorum :
hunc capit argenti splendor ; stupet Albius aere ;
hic mutat merces surgente a sole ad eum , quo
vespertina tepet regio , quin per mala praeceps
fertur uti pulvis collectus turbine , nequid
summa deperdat metuens aut ampliet ut rem .
Omnes hi metuunt versus , odere poetas .
" Faenum habet in cornu , longe fuge ; dummodo risum
excutiat sibi , non hic cuiquam parcet amico
et quodcumque semel chartis inleverit , omnis
gestiet a furno redeuntis scire lacuque
et pueros et anus " . Agedum pauca accipe contra .
Primum ego me illorum , dederim quibus esse poetis ,
excerpam numero : neque enim concludere versum
dixeris esse satis neque , siqui scribat uti nos
sermoni propiora , putes hunc esse poetam .
Ingenium cui sit , cui mens divinior atque os
magna sonaturum , des nominis huius honorem .
Idcirco quidam comoedia necne poema
esset , quaesivere , quod acer spiritus ac vis
nec verbis nec rebus inest , nisi quod pede certo
differt sermoni , sermo merus . " At pater ardens
saevit , quod meretrice nepos insanus amica
filius uxorem grandi cum dote recuset ,
ebrius et , magnum quod dedecus , ambulet ante
noctem cum facibus " . Numquid Pomponius istis
audiret leviora , pater si viveret ? Ergo
non satis est puris versum perscribere verbis ,
quem si dissolvas , quivis stomachetur eodem
quo personatus pacto pater . His , ego quae nunc ,
olim quae scripsit Lucilius , eripias si
tempora certa modosque , et quod prius ordine verbum est
posterius facias praeponens ultima primis ,
non , ut si solvas " Postquam Discordia taetra
belli ferratos postis portasque refregit " ,
invenias etiam disiecti membra poetae . [ . . . ]
Eupoli
,
Cratino
e
Aristofane
,
questi
poeti
e
gli
altri
autori
della
commedia
antica
,
se
uno
meritava
d
'
essere
messo
alla
berlina
,
perché
furfante
e
ladro
,
adultero
o
assassino
,
o
in
ogni
caso
malfamato
,
lo
bollavano
senza
complimenti
.
Da questi in tutto deriva Lucilio , che ne segue l ' esempio mutando solo metro e ritmo : arguto , di fiuto sottile , ma duro nel comporre i versi . Questo appunto fu il suo difetto : nello spazio di un ' ora , come fosse gran cosa , dettava s ' un piede solo duecento versi . Poiché scorreva limaccioso , v ' era zavorra che avresti voluto togliere : loquace , certo , ma insofferente alla fatica dello scrivere , dello scrivere bene , intendo : della quantità io non so che farmene . Ecco che cento a uno Crispino mi sfida : " Prendi le tavolette , se ci stai ; le prenderò anch ' io ; fissiamo luogo , ora e testimoni : vediamo chi di noi sa scrivere più versi " . Grazie agli dei , che mi fecero d ' animo modesto e timido , di concise e pochissime parole : e tu imita fin che vuoi l ' aria chiusa nei mantici di pelle che soffia senza posa , finché il fuoco non fonde il ferro .
Beato Fannio che divulga libri e ritratto di propria iniziativa : i miei scritti invece non li legge nessuno , ed io non oso recitarli in pubblico , perché c ' è chi non gradisce il genere mio , visto che i più sono degni di biasimo . Scegli uno qualsiasi in mezzo alla folla : se non è l ' avarizia , lo tormenta una meschina ambizione . Uno perde la testa per le spose , l ' altro per i fanciulli ; questo è sedotto dai bagliori dell ' argento , Albio va in estasi davanti ai bronzi ; quello baratta merci in ogni luogo , da dove sorge a dove nel vespero intiepidisce il sole , e quasi non bastasse , si lancia a capofitto tra i pericoli , come polvere sollevata da un ciclone , temendo di perdere il capitale o tentando di accrescerlo . Tutti questi temono i versi e odiano i poeti . " Ha il fieno sulle corna , fuggilo ! Pur di strappare una risata , costui non risparmia se stesso e neppure l ' amico ; in più , scarabocchiate le sue carte , smanierà che le conoscano tutti , schiavi e vecchiette , chi torna dal forno o dalla fontana " . Via , ascolta due parole in difesa .
Innanzitutto io voglio togliermi dal novero di quelli a cui darei il nome di poeta : non mi dirai che basta chiudere in ritmi un verso per essere poeta o che sia tale chi come me scrive al limite della conversazione . Solo a chi ha genio , afflato divino e sublimità d ' espressione puoi concedere l ' onore di questo titolo . Così alcuni si sono chiesti se la commedia sia poesia o no , perché nel contenuto e nella forma le mancano forza e slancio d ' ispirazione e se non fosse per la regolarità del metro , che la distingue , non sarebbe altro che prosa . " Ma v ' è pure il padre che , acceso d ' ira , s ' inalbera se un figlio scioperato , persa la testa per una sgualdrina , rifiuta una moglie ricca di dote e , ubriaco che è una vergogna , se ne va in giro con le fiaccole prima di notte " . Credi che Pomponio , se vivesse suo padre , subirebbe rimbrotti più lievi di questi ? Non basta , dunque , costruire un verso con parole comuni , che se le sciogli , chiunque avrebbe modo di adirarsi come quel padre sulla scena . Se ai versi che vado scrivendo o a quelli che scrisse un tempo Lucilio , togliessi il ritmo che regola i metri e sconvolgessi l ' ordine delle parole , mettendo in fondo quelle dell ' inizio e all ' inizio quelle del fondo , non troveresti del poeta , come se sciogliessi " dopo che l ' orrenda discordia di guerra infranse le porte e gli stipiti di ferro " , che brandelli delle sue membra . [ . . . ]
Da questi in tutto deriva Lucilio , che ne segue l ' esempio mutando solo metro e ritmo : arguto , di fiuto sottile , ma duro nel comporre i versi . Questo appunto fu il suo difetto : nello spazio di un ' ora , come fosse gran cosa , dettava s ' un piede solo duecento versi . Poiché scorreva limaccioso , v ' era zavorra che avresti voluto togliere : loquace , certo , ma insofferente alla fatica dello scrivere , dello scrivere bene , intendo : della quantità io non so che farmene . Ecco che cento a uno Crispino mi sfida : " Prendi le tavolette , se ci stai ; le prenderò anch ' io ; fissiamo luogo , ora e testimoni : vediamo chi di noi sa scrivere più versi " . Grazie agli dei , che mi fecero d ' animo modesto e timido , di concise e pochissime parole : e tu imita fin che vuoi l ' aria chiusa nei mantici di pelle che soffia senza posa , finché il fuoco non fonde il ferro .
Beato Fannio che divulga libri e ritratto di propria iniziativa : i miei scritti invece non li legge nessuno , ed io non oso recitarli in pubblico , perché c ' è chi non gradisce il genere mio , visto che i più sono degni di biasimo . Scegli uno qualsiasi in mezzo alla folla : se non è l ' avarizia , lo tormenta una meschina ambizione . Uno perde la testa per le spose , l ' altro per i fanciulli ; questo è sedotto dai bagliori dell ' argento , Albio va in estasi davanti ai bronzi ; quello baratta merci in ogni luogo , da dove sorge a dove nel vespero intiepidisce il sole , e quasi non bastasse , si lancia a capofitto tra i pericoli , come polvere sollevata da un ciclone , temendo di perdere il capitale o tentando di accrescerlo . Tutti questi temono i versi e odiano i poeti . " Ha il fieno sulle corna , fuggilo ! Pur di strappare una risata , costui non risparmia se stesso e neppure l ' amico ; in più , scarabocchiate le sue carte , smanierà che le conoscano tutti , schiavi e vecchiette , chi torna dal forno o dalla fontana " . Via , ascolta due parole in difesa .
Innanzitutto io voglio togliermi dal novero di quelli a cui darei il nome di poeta : non mi dirai che basta chiudere in ritmi un verso per essere poeta o che sia tale chi come me scrive al limite della conversazione . Solo a chi ha genio , afflato divino e sublimità d ' espressione puoi concedere l ' onore di questo titolo . Così alcuni si sono chiesti se la commedia sia poesia o no , perché nel contenuto e nella forma le mancano forza e slancio d ' ispirazione e se non fosse per la regolarità del metro , che la distingue , non sarebbe altro che prosa . " Ma v ' è pure il padre che , acceso d ' ira , s ' inalbera se un figlio scioperato , persa la testa per una sgualdrina , rifiuta una moglie ricca di dote e , ubriaco che è una vergogna , se ne va in giro con le fiaccole prima di notte " . Credi che Pomponio , se vivesse suo padre , subirebbe rimbrotti più lievi di questi ? Non basta , dunque , costruire un verso con parole comuni , che se le sciogli , chiunque avrebbe modo di adirarsi come quel padre sulla scena . Se ai versi che vado scrivendo o a quelli che scrisse un tempo Lucilio , togliessi il ritmo che regola i metri e sconvolgessi l ' ordine delle parole , mettendo in fondo quelle dell ' inizio e all ' inizio quelle del fondo , non troveresti del poeta , come se sciogliessi " dopo che l ' orrenda discordia di guerra infranse le porte e gli stipiti di ferro " , che brandelli delle sue membra . [ . . . ]
Xenophon Apology 1-5
/
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg005.perseus-grc2:1-5
urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg005.perseus-eng2:1-5
( 1 ) Σωκράτους δὲ ἄξιόν μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι μεμνῆσθαι καὶ ὡς ἐπειδὴ ἐκλήθη εἰς τὴν δίκην ἐβουλεύσατο περί τε τῆς ἀπολογίας καὶ τῆς τελευτῆς τοῦ βίου . γεγράφασι μὲν οὖν περὶ τούτου καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ πάντες ἔτυχον τῆς μεγαληγορίας αὐτοῦ · ᾧ καὶ δῆλον ὅτι τῷ ὄντι οὕτως ἐρρήθη ὑπὸ Σωκράτους . ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἤδη ἑαυτῷ ἡγεῖτο αἱρετώτερον εἶναι τοῦ βίου θάνατον , τοῦτο οὐ διεσαφήνισαν · ὥστε ἀφρονεστέρα αὐτοῦ φαίνεται εἶναι ἡ μεγαληγορία .
( 2 ) Ἑρμογένης μέντοι ὁ Ἱππονίκου ἑταῖρός τε ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐξήγγειλε περὶ αὐτοῦ τοιαῦτα ὥστε πρέπουσαν φαίνεσθαι τὴν μεγαληγορίαν αὐτοῦ τῇ διανοίᾳ . ἐκεῖνος γὰρ ἔφη ὁρῶν αὐτὸν περὶ πάντων μᾶλλον διαλεγόμενον ἢ περὶ τῆς δίκης εἰπεῖν · ( 3 ) οὐκ ἐχρῆν μέντοι σκοπεῖν , ὦ Σώκρατες , καὶ ὅ τι ἀπολογήσῃ ; τὸν δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀποκρίνασθαι · οὐ γὰρ δοκῶ σοι ἀπολογεῖσθαι μελετῶν διαβεβιωκέναι ; ἐπεὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ἐρέσθαι · πῶς ; ὅτι οὐδὲν ἄδικον διαγεγένημαι ποιῶν · ἥνπερ νομίζω μελέτην εἶναι καλλίστην ἀπολογίας . ( 4 ) ἐπεὶ δὲ αὐτὸν πάλιν λέγειν · οὐχ ὁρᾷς τὰ Ἀθηναίων δικαστήρια ὡς πολλάκις μὲν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας λόγῳ παραχθέντες ἀπέκτειναν , πολλάκις δὲ ἀδικοῦντας ἢ ἐκ τοῦ λόγου οἰκτίσαντες ἢ ἐπιχαρίτως εἰπόντας ἀπέλυσαν ; ἀλλὰ ναὶ μὰ Δία , φάναι αὐτόν , καὶ δὶς ἤδη ἐπιχειρήσαντός μου σκοπεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἐναντιοῦταί μοι τὸ δαιμόνιον . ( 5 ) ὡς δὲ αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν · θαυμαστὰ λέγεις , τὸν δʼ αὖ ἀποκρίνασθαι · ἦ θαυμαστὸν νομίζεις εἰ καὶ τῷ θεῷ δοκεῖ ἐμὲ βέλτιον εἶναι ἤδη τελευτᾶν ; οὐκ οἶσθα ὅτι μέχρι μὲν τοῦδε οὐδενὶ ἀνθρώπων ὑφείμην ἂν βέλτιον ἐμοῦ βεβιωκέναι ; ὅπερ γὰρ ἥδιστόν ἐστιν , ᾔδειν ὁσίως μοι καὶ δικαίως ἅπαντα τὸν βίον βεβιωμένον · ὥστε ἰσχυρῶς ἀγάμενος ἐμαυτὸν ταὐτὰ ηὕρισκον καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὶ συγγιγνομένους γιγνώσκοντας περὶ ἐμοῦ .
( 2 ) Ἑρμογένης μέντοι ὁ Ἱππονίκου ἑταῖρός τε ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐξήγγειλε περὶ αὐτοῦ τοιαῦτα ὥστε πρέπουσαν φαίνεσθαι τὴν μεγαληγορίαν αὐτοῦ τῇ διανοίᾳ . ἐκεῖνος γὰρ ἔφη ὁρῶν αὐτὸν περὶ πάντων μᾶλλον διαλεγόμενον ἢ περὶ τῆς δίκης εἰπεῖν · ( 3 ) οὐκ ἐχρῆν μέντοι σκοπεῖν , ὦ Σώκρατες , καὶ ὅ τι ἀπολογήσῃ ; τὸν δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀποκρίνασθαι · οὐ γὰρ δοκῶ σοι ἀπολογεῖσθαι μελετῶν διαβεβιωκέναι ; ἐπεὶ δʼ αὐτὸν ἐρέσθαι · πῶς ; ὅτι οὐδὲν ἄδικον διαγεγένημαι ποιῶν · ἥνπερ νομίζω μελέτην εἶναι καλλίστην ἀπολογίας . ( 4 ) ἐπεὶ δὲ αὐτὸν πάλιν λέγειν · οὐχ ὁρᾷς τὰ Ἀθηναίων δικαστήρια ὡς πολλάκις μὲν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας λόγῳ παραχθέντες ἀπέκτειναν , πολλάκις δὲ ἀδικοῦντας ἢ ἐκ τοῦ λόγου οἰκτίσαντες ἢ ἐπιχαρίτως εἰπόντας ἀπέλυσαν ; ἀλλὰ ναὶ μὰ Δία , φάναι αὐτόν , καὶ δὶς ἤδη ἐπιχειρήσαντός μου σκοπεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἐναντιοῦταί μοι τὸ δαιμόνιον . ( 5 ) ὡς δὲ αὐτὸν εἰπεῖν · θαυμαστὰ λέγεις , τὸν δʼ αὖ ἀποκρίνασθαι · ἦ θαυμαστὸν νομίζεις εἰ καὶ τῷ θεῷ δοκεῖ ἐμὲ βέλτιον εἶναι ἤδη τελευτᾶν ; οὐκ οἶσθα ὅτι μέχρι μὲν τοῦδε οὐδενὶ ἀνθρώπων ὑφείμην ἂν βέλτιον ἐμοῦ βεβιωκέναι ; ὅπερ γὰρ ἥδιστόν ἐστιν , ᾔδειν ὁσίως μοι καὶ δικαίως ἅπαντα τὸν βίον βεβιωμένον · ὥστε ἰσχυρῶς ἀγάμενος ἐμαυτὸν ταὐτὰ ηὕρισκον καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὶ συγγιγνομένους γιγνώσκοντας περὶ ἐμοῦ .
(
1
)
It
seems
to
me
fitting
to
hand
down
to
memory
,
furthermore
,
how
Socrates
,
on
being
indicted
,
deliberated
on
his
defence
and
on
his
end
.
It
is
true
that
others
have
written
about
this
,
and
that
all
of
them
have
reproduced
the
loftiness
of
his
words
,
—a
fact
which
proves
that
his
utterance
really
was
of
the
character
intimated
;
—but
they
have
not
shown
clearly
that
he
had
now
come
to
the
conclusion
that
for
him
death
was
more
to
be
desired
than
life
;
and
hence
his
lofty
utterance
appears
rather
ill-considered
.
( 2 ) Hermogenes , the son of Hipponicus , however , was a companion of his and has given us reports of such a nature as to show that the sublimity of his speech was appropriate to the resolve he had made . For he stated that on seeing Socrates discussing any and every subject rather than the trial , he had said : ( 3 ) Socrates , ought you not to be giving some thought to what defence you are going to make ? That Socrates had at first replied , Why , do I not seem to you to have spent my whole life in preparing to defend myself ? Then when he asked , How so ? he had said , Because all my life I have been guiltless of wrong-doing ; and that I consider the finest preparation for a defence . Then when Hermogenes again asked , ( 4 ) Do you not observe that the Athenian courts have often been carried away by an eloquent speech and have condemned innocent men to death , and often on the other hand the guilty have been acquitted either because their plea aroused compassion or because their speech was witty ? Yes , indeed ! he had answered ; and I have tried twice already to meditate on my defence , but my divine sign interposes . ( 5 ) And when Hermogenes observed , That is a surprising statement , he had replied , Do you think it surprising that even God holds it better for me to die now ? Do you not know that I would refuse to concede that any man has lived a better life than I have up to now ? For I have realized that my whole life has been spent in righteousness toward God and man , —a fact that affords the greatest satisfaction ; and so I have felt a deep self-respect and have discovered that my associates hold corresponding sentiments toward me .
( 2 ) Hermogenes , the son of Hipponicus , however , was a companion of his and has given us reports of such a nature as to show that the sublimity of his speech was appropriate to the resolve he had made . For he stated that on seeing Socrates discussing any and every subject rather than the trial , he had said : ( 3 ) Socrates , ought you not to be giving some thought to what defence you are going to make ? That Socrates had at first replied , Why , do I not seem to you to have spent my whole life in preparing to defend myself ? Then when he asked , How so ? he had said , Because all my life I have been guiltless of wrong-doing ; and that I consider the finest preparation for a defence . Then when Hermogenes again asked , ( 4 ) Do you not observe that the Athenian courts have often been carried away by an eloquent speech and have condemned innocent men to death , and often on the other hand the guilty have been acquitted either because their plea aroused compassion or because their speech was witty ? Yes , indeed ! he had answered ; and I have tried twice already to meditate on my defence , but my divine sign interposes . ( 5 ) And when Hermogenes observed , That is a surprising statement , he had replied , Do you think it surprising that even God holds it better for me to die now ? Do you not know that I would refuse to concede that any man has lived a better life than I have up to now ? For I have realized that my whole life has been spent in righteousness toward God and man , —a fact that affords the greatest satisfaction ; and so I have felt a deep self-respect and have discovered that my associates hold corresponding sentiments toward me .
book 2 lines 5
/
Latin
English
Forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras .
urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit
limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem ,
arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo
circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum
cingitur , ac densos fertur moriturus in hostis .
aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe
ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus
incumbens arae atque umbra complexa penatis .
hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum ,
praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae ,
condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant .
urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit
limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem ,
arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo
circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum
cingitur , ac densos fertur moriturus in hostis .
aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe
ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus
incumbens arae atque umbra complexa penatis .
hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum ,
praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae ,
condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant .
And
maybe
you
ask
,
what
was
Priam’s
fate
.
When he saw the end of the captive city , the palace doors
wrenched away , and the enemy among the inner rooms ,
the aged man clasped his long-neglected armour
on his old , trembling shoulders , and fastened on his useless sword ,
and hurried into the thick of the enemy seeking death .
In the centre of the halls , and under the sky’s naked arch ,
was a large altar , with an ancient laurel nearby , that leant
on the altar , and clothed the household gods with shade .
Here Hecuba , and her daughters , like doves driven
by a dark storm , crouched uselessly by the shrines ,
huddled together , clutching at the statues of the gods .
When he saw the end of the captive city , the palace doors
wrenched away , and the enemy among the inner rooms ,
the aged man clasped his long-neglected armour
on his old , trembling shoulders , and fastened on his useless sword ,
and hurried into the thick of the enemy seeking death .
In the centre of the halls , and under the sky’s naked arch ,
was a large altar , with an ancient laurel nearby , that leant
on the altar , and clothed the household gods with shade .
Here Hecuba , and her daughters , like doves driven
by a dark storm , crouched uselessly by the shrines ,
huddled together , clutching at the statues of the gods .
Senofonte, Anabasi 3.5-10
/
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
italiano
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0201%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D4
http://www.miti3000.it/mito/biblio/senofonte/anabasi/terzo.htm
[ 4 ] ἦν δέ τις ἐν τῇ στρατιᾷ Ξενοφῶν Ἀθηναῖος , ὃς οὔτε στρατηγὸς οὔτε λοχαγὸς οὔτε στρατιώτης ὢν συνηκολούθει , ἀλλὰ Πρόξενος αὐτὸν μετεπέμψατο οἴκοθεν ξένος ὢν ἀρχαῖος : ὑπισχνεῖτο δὲ αὐτῷ , εἰ ἔλθοι , φίλον αὐτὸν Κύρῳ ποιήσειν , ὃν αὐτὸς ἔφη κρείττω ἑαυτῷ νομίζειν τῆς πατρίδος .
[ 5 ] ὁ μέντοι Ξενοφῶν ἀναγνοὺς τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀνακοινοῦται Σωκράτει τῷ Ἀθηναίῳ περὶ τῆς πορείας . καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης ὑποπτεύσας μή τι πρὸς τῆς πόλεως ὑπαίτιον εἴη Κύρῳ φίλον γενέσθαι , ὅτι ἐδόκει ὁ Κῦρος προθύμως τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας συμπολεμῆσαι , συμβουλεύει τῷ Ξενοφῶντι ἐλθόντα εἰς Δελφοὺς ἀνακοινῶσαι τῷ θεῷ περὶ τῆς πορείας .
[ 6 ] ἐλθὼν δ᾽ ὁ Ξενοφῶν ἐπήρετο τὸν Ἀπόλλω τίνι ἂν θεῶν θύων καὶ εὐχόμενος κάλλιστα καὶ ἄριστα ἔλθοι τὴν ὁδὸν ἣν ἐπινοεῖ καὶ καλῶς πράξας σωθείη . καὶ ἀνεῖλεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἀπόλλων θεοῖς οἷς ἔδει θύειν .
[ 7 ] ἐπεὶ δὲ πάλιν ἦλθε , λέγει τὴν μαντείαν τῷ Σωκράτει . ὁ δ᾽ ἀκούσας ᾐτιᾶτο αὐτὸν ὅτι οὐ τοῦτο πρῶτον ἠρώτα πότερον λῷον εἴη αὐτῷ πορεύεσθαι ἢ μένειν , ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸς κρίνας ἰτέον εἶναι τοῦτ᾽ ἐπυνθάνετο ὅπως ἂν κάλλιστα πορευθείη . ἐπεὶ μέντοι οὕτως ἤρου , ταῦτ᾽ , ἔφη , χρὴ ποιεῖν ὅσα ὁ θεὸς ἐκέλευσεν .
[ 8 ] ὁ μὲν δὴ Ξενοφῶν οὕτω θυσάμενος οἷς ἀνεῖλεν ὁ θεὸς ἐξέπλει , καὶ καταλαμβάνει ἐν Σάρδεσι Πρόξενον καὶ Κῦρον μέλλοντας ἤδη ὁρμᾶν τὴν ἄνω ὁδόν , καὶ συνεστάθη Κύρῳ .
[ 9 ] προθυμουμένου δὲ τοῦ Προξένου καὶ ὁ Κῦρος συμπρουθυμεῖτο μεῖναι αὐτόν , εἶπε δὲ ὅτι ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα ἡ στρατεία λήξῃ , εὐθὺς ἀποπέμψει αὐτόν . ἐλέγετο δὲ ὁ στόλος εἶναι εἰς Πισίδας .
[ 10 ] ἐστρατεύετο μὲν δὴ οὕτως ἐξαπατηθείς—οὐχ ὑπὸ Προξένου : οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τὴν ἐπὶ βασιλέα ὁρμὴν οὐδὲ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς τῶν Ἑλλήνων πλὴν Κλεάρχου : ἐπεὶ μέντοι εἰς Κιλικίαν ἦλθον , σαφὲς πᾶσιν ἤδη ἐδόκει εἶναι ὅτι ὁ στόλος εἴη ἐπὶ βασιλέα . φοβούμενοι δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν καὶ ἄκοντες ὅμως οἱ πολλοὶ δι᾽ αἰσχύνην καὶ ἀλλήλων καὶ Κύρου συνηκολούθησαν : ὧν εἷς καὶ Ξενοφῶν ἦν .
4
C
'
era
nell
'
esercito
un
certo
Senofonte
,
ateniese
:
non
era
stratego
né
locago
né
soldato
semplice
,
ma
si
era
unito
alla
spedizione
perché
Prosseno
,
suo
ospite
di
vecchia
data
,
lo
aveva
mandato
a
chiamare
dalla
patria
dietro
promessa
che
,
se
lo
avesse
raggiunto
,
gli
avrebbe
procurato
l
'
amicizia
di
Ciro
,
un
uomo
che
-
sosteneva
-
poteva
fare
per
lui
più
della
sua
patria
.
5 Senofonte dunque , letta la missiva di Prosseno , si consulta in merito al viaggio con Socrate l ' ateniese . E Socrate , supponendo che l ' amicizia con Ciro potesse venir additata dalla città come una colpa ( si pensava che Ciro avesse sollecitamente appoggiato gli Spartani nella guerra contro Atene ) , suggerisce a Senofonte di recarsi a Delfi e di consultare il dio a proposito del viaggio .
6 Senofonte vi si recò e ad Apollo chiese a quale dio dovesse rivolger sacrifici e preghiere per percorrere nel modo più sereno e fausto la via che intendeva intraprendere e , conclusa per il meglio l ' impresa , ritornare sano e salvo . Apollo gli indicò espressamente gli dèi a cui doveva tributare i sacrifici .
7 Rientrato in patria , riferì il responso a Socrate , che , non appena lo ebbe udito , lo rimproverò di non aver prima chiesto se convenisse partire o restare , ma , avendo già preso da sé la decisione di andare , la sua domanda riguardava solo come avrebbe potuto rendere più sicura l ' impresa . " Ma poiché hai formulato il quesito in tali termini " , concluse Socrate , " bisogna che tu ora compia quanto il dio ti ha prescritto " .
8 Senofonte allora sacrificò alle divinità indicate da Apollo e salpò . A Sardi raggiunge Prosseno e Ciro , che erano ormai sul punto di muovere verso l ' interno , ed entrò in contatto con Ciro .
9 Dietro pressione di Prosseno , anche Ciro insistette ripetutamente perché Senofonte restasse : non appena terminata la campagna di guerra , l ' avrebbe rimandato sùbito in patria . E si parlava di una spedizione contro i Pisidi .
10 Si unì dunque all ' impresa , perché tratto così in inganno , ma non certo per colpa di Prosseno , che non sapeva dell ' attacco al re , come pure nessun altro dei Greci , a eccezione di Clearco . A dire il vero , quando giunsero in Cilicia , sembrava ormai evidente a tutti che il bersaglio era il re . Atterriti dal viaggio e pur contro voglia , molti comunque seguirono la spedizione , perché provavano vergogna sia di fronte ai compagni sia di fronte a Ciro . Tra quelli c ' era anche Senofonte .
5 Senofonte dunque , letta la missiva di Prosseno , si consulta in merito al viaggio con Socrate l ' ateniese . E Socrate , supponendo che l ' amicizia con Ciro potesse venir additata dalla città come una colpa ( si pensava che Ciro avesse sollecitamente appoggiato gli Spartani nella guerra contro Atene ) , suggerisce a Senofonte di recarsi a Delfi e di consultare il dio a proposito del viaggio .
6 Senofonte vi si recò e ad Apollo chiese a quale dio dovesse rivolger sacrifici e preghiere per percorrere nel modo più sereno e fausto la via che intendeva intraprendere e , conclusa per il meglio l ' impresa , ritornare sano e salvo . Apollo gli indicò espressamente gli dèi a cui doveva tributare i sacrifici .
7 Rientrato in patria , riferì il responso a Socrate , che , non appena lo ebbe udito , lo rimproverò di non aver prima chiesto se convenisse partire o restare , ma , avendo già preso da sé la decisione di andare , la sua domanda riguardava solo come avrebbe potuto rendere più sicura l ' impresa . " Ma poiché hai formulato il quesito in tali termini " , concluse Socrate , " bisogna che tu ora compia quanto il dio ti ha prescritto " .
8 Senofonte allora sacrificò alle divinità indicate da Apollo e salpò . A Sardi raggiunge Prosseno e Ciro , che erano ormai sul punto di muovere verso l ' interno , ed entrò in contatto con Ciro .
9 Dietro pressione di Prosseno , anche Ciro insistette ripetutamente perché Senofonte restasse : non appena terminata la campagna di guerra , l ' avrebbe rimandato sùbito in patria . E si parlava di una spedizione contro i Pisidi .
10 Si unì dunque all ' impresa , perché tratto così in inganno , ma non certo per colpa di Prosseno , che non sapeva dell ' attacco al re , come pure nessun altro dei Greci , a eccezione di Clearco . A dire il vero , quando giunsero in Cilicia , sembrava ormai evidente a tutti che il bersaglio era il re . Atterriti dal viaggio e pur contro voglia , molti comunque seguirono la spedizione , perché provavano vergogna sia di fronte ai compagni sia di fronte a Ciro . Tra quelli c ' era anche Senofonte .
Odyssey 5.1-9
/
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
Ἠὼς δ᾽ ἐκ λεχέων παρ᾽ ἀγαυοῦ Τιθωνοῖο
ὤρνυθ᾽ , ἵν᾽ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσιν :
οἱ δὲ θεοὶ θῶκόνδε καθίζανον , ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσι
Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης , οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον .
τοῖσι δ᾽ Ἀθηναίη λέγε κήδεα πόλλ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος
μνησαμένη : μέλε γάρ οἱ ἐὼν ἐν δώμασι νύμφης :
‘
Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδ᾽ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες ,
μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω
σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς , μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς ,
ἀλλ᾽ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τ᾽ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι :
ὤρνυθ᾽ , ἵν᾽ ἀθανάτοισι φόως φέροι ἠδὲ βροτοῖσιν :
οἱ δὲ θεοὶ θῶκόνδε καθίζανον , ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα τοῖσι
Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης , οὗ τε κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον .
τοῖσι δ᾽ Ἀθηναίη λέγε κήδεα πόλλ᾽ Ὀδυσῆος
μνησαμένη : μέλε γάρ οἱ ἐὼν ἐν δώμασι νύμφης :
‘
Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδ᾽ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες ,
μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω
σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς , μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς ,
ἀλλ᾽ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τ᾽ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι :
Now
Dawn
arose
from
her
couch
from
beside
lordly
Tithonus
,
to
bear
light
to
the
immortals
and
to
mortal
men
.
And
the
gods
were
sitting
down
to
council
,
and
among
them
Zeus
,
who
thunders
on
high
,
whose
might
is
supreme
.
To
them
Athena
was
recounting
the
many
woes
of
Odysseus
,
as
she
called
them
to
mind
;
for
it
troubled
her
that
he
abode
in
the
dwelling
of
the
nymph
:
"
Father
Zeus
,
and
ye
other
blessed
gods
that
are
forever
,
never
henceforward
let
sceptred
king
with
a
ready
heart
be
kind
and
gentle
,
nor
let
him
heed
righteousness
in
his
mind
;
Odyssey 5.7-20, trans Mandelbaum
/
Ἑλληνική Transliterate
English
Ζεῦ πάτερ ἠδ᾽ ἄλλοι μάκαρες θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες ,
μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω
σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς , μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς ,
ἀλλ᾽ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τ᾽ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι :
ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο
λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε , πατὴρ δ᾽ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν .
ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖται κρατέρ᾽ ἄλγεα πάσχων
νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς , ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ
ἴσχει : ὁ δ᾽ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι :
οὐ γάρ οἱ πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι ,
οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπ᾽ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης .
νῦν αὖ παῖδ᾽ ἀγαπητὸν ἀποκτεῖναι μεμάασιν
οἴκαδε νισόμενον : ὁ δ᾽ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν
ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην ἠδ᾽ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν .
μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω
σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς , μηδὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς ,
ἀλλ᾽ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τ᾽ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι :
ὡς οὔ τις μέμνηται Ὀδυσσῆος θείοιο
λαῶν οἷσιν ἄνασσε , πατὴρ δ᾽ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν .
ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖται κρατέρ᾽ ἄλγεα πάσχων
νύμφης ἐν μεγάροισι Καλυψοῦς , ἥ μιν ἀνάγκῃ
ἴσχει : ὁ δ᾽ οὐ δύναται ἣν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἱκέσθαι :
οὐ γάρ οἱ πάρα νῆες ἐπήρετμοι καὶ ἑταῖροι ,
οἵ κέν μιν πέμποιεν ἐπ᾽ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης .
νῦν αὖ παῖδ᾽ ἀγαπητὸν ἀποκτεῖναι μεμάασιν
οἴκαδε νισόμενον : ὁ δ᾽ ἔβη μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουὴν
ἐς Πύλον ἠγαθέην ἠδ᾽ ἐς Λακεδαίμονα δῖαν .
You
,
father
Zeus
,
and
all
of
this
assembly
of blessed , never-dying gods , hear me :
From this time on , no sceptered king need be
benign and kind , a man of righteous minds :
let kings be cruel and corrupt , malign--
for none among his people now recall
divine Odysseus , though his rule was gentle
and fatherly . And now , against his will ,
Calypso keeps him captive in her grotto ,
her island home , where he can only sorrow .
And he cannot return to his own land :
he has no ships at hand , no oars , no friends
to carry him across the sea ' s broad back .
Now , too , they mean to ambush his dear son ,
to murder him along his homeward run ;
for news of his dear father , he has gone
to sacred Pylos and bright Lacedaemon .
of blessed , never-dying gods , hear me :
From this time on , no sceptered king need be
benign and kind , a man of righteous minds :
let kings be cruel and corrupt , malign--
for none among his people now recall
divine Odysseus , though his rule was gentle
and fatherly . And now , against his will ,
Calypso keeps him captive in her grotto ,
her island home , where he can only sorrow .
And he cannot return to his own land :
he has no ships at hand , no oars , no friends
to carry him across the sea ' s broad back .
Now , too , they mean to ambush his dear son ,
to murder him along his homeward run ;
for news of his dear father , he has gone
to sacred Pylos and bright Lacedaemon .