Constitution of the Athenians-Greek-English-Arabic
Usama Ali Gad /
- Created on 2019-08-12 13:54:42
- Modified on 2020-11-09 07:03:41
- Translated by Usama Gad
- Aligned by Usama Ali Gad
Ἑλληνική
English
العربية
ἦν γὰρ αὐτῶν ἡ πολιτεία τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ὀλιγαρχικὴ πᾶσι , καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐδούλευον οἱ πένητες τοῖς πλουσίοις καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ τέκνα καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες : καὶ ἐκαλοῦντο πελάται καὶ ἑκτήμοροι : κατὰ ταύτην γὰρ τὴν μίσθωσιν ἠργάζοντο τῶν πλουσίων τοὺς ἀγρούς （ἡ δὲ πᾶσα γῆ δι᾽ ὀλίγων ἦν） , καὶ εἰ μὴ τὰς μισθώσεις ἀποδιδοῖεν , ἀγώγιμοι καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ οἱ παῖδες ἐγίγνοντο : καὶ οἱ δανεισμοὶ πᾶσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς σώμασιν ἦσαν μέχρι Σόλωνος : οὗτος δὲ πρῶτος ἐγένετο τοῦ δήμου προστάτης . χαλεπώτατον μὲν οὖν καὶ πικρότατον ἦν τοῖς πολλοῖς τῶν κατὰ τὴν πολιτείαν τὸ δουλεύειν : οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐδυσχέραινον : οὐδενὸς γὰρ ὡς εἰπεῖν ἐτύγχανον μετέχοντες .
For the Athenian constitution was in all respects oligarchical , and in fact the poor themselves and also their wives and children were actually in slavery to the rich ; and they were called Clients , and Sixth-part-tenants ( for that was the rent they paid for the rich men ' s land which they farmed , and the whole of the country was in few hands ) , and if they ever failed to pay their rents , they themselves and their children were liable to arrest ; and all borrowing was on the security of the debtors ' persons down to the time of Solon : it was he who first became head of the People . Thus the most grievous and bitter thing in the state of public affairs for the masses was their slavery ; not but what they were discontented also about everything else , for they found themselves virtually without a share in anything
فقد كان نظام الحكم فى ذلك الوقت نظام الأقلية المطلقة , وكان مكان الفقراء من الأغنياء مكان الخادم الذليل . كانوا كذلك هم وأولادهم ونسائهم , كانوا يسمون مولاى ( بيلاتاى ) , ومسدّسين ( إكتيمورى ) , فقد كانوا يزرعون أرض الأغنياء على ألا يحفظوا لأنفسهم من ثمراته إلا السدس . كانت الأرض كلها بيد طائفة قليلة من الناس , وكان الزراع إذا قصروا عن دفع ما يجب عليهم معَّرضين هم وأطفالهم لأن يباعوا , فقد كان المدين خاضعاً للقهر البدنى . وبقى الأمر على ذلك إلى عصر سولون أول رئيس للحزب الديمقراطى . كان الشعب يألم قبل كل شئ لهذا النظام , ويحنق ألا يكون له نصيبه من الأرض . لكن أسباباً كثيرة آخرى كانت تبعث سخطه , فالحق أنه لم يكن يملك شيئاً ما